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uUIDEBOOK 

OF THE 

PANAMA CALIFORNIA EXPOSITION 

SAN DIEGO 1915 







OFFICIAL 
GUIDE BOOK 



OF THE 



PANAMA-CALIFORNIA 
EXPOSITION 



Giving in detail, location and description of buildings, 

exhibits and concessions, with floor 

plans of the buildings and 

exterior views. 






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PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS 



SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 

JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31 

1 9 1 5 



DIRECTORS 
Panama- California Exposition 

1915 






President G. Aubrey Davidson 

1st Vice-Pres. - - John D. Spreckels 
2d Vice-Pres. Frank J. Belcher, Jr. 

3d Vice-Pres. H. H. Jones 

4th Vice-Pres. - - George Burnham 

Treasurer F. W. Jackson 

Secretary C. L. Williams 



Director General H. O. Davis 

Publicity Mark S. Watson 

Auditor C. H. Tingley 

Concessions^ 

Exhibits E. J. Chapin 

Traffic ) 

Ethnology and Art - E. L. Hewett 



R. C. Allen 

Lucius R. Barrow 
Frank J. Belcher, Jr. 

L. A. Blochman 
Geo. Burnham 

Wm. Clayton 
Carl Heilbron 



G. A. Davidson 

C. W. Fox 

D. F. Garrettson 
Percy Goodwin 

E. W. Jackson 

H. H. Jones 
W. F. Ludington 



Arthur H. Marston 
J. W. Sefton, Jr. 
W. A. Sloane 

John D. Spreckels 
C. L. Williams 

M. F. Heller 
Julius Wangenheim 







3 JUS 




California State Building 





QCJ1 §1 ?/..., '" • . • rfcvY" 

A Tour of the Magic City of the 
Exposition Beautiful 

HILE most automobile passenger business involving the 
parking of automobiles in the Exposition comes to the 
north gate {La Puerta del Norte), the principal entrances 
for pedestrian traffic and street car traffic are via the west 
and south gates. The west approach is by the way of the 
great Puente Cabrillo, a masterpiece of engineering which 
bridges the Canon Cabrlllo. This structure is one thou- 
sand ten feet long, rising from a pool one hundred thirty- 
five feet below, and is the first reinforced concrete viaduct of the cantilever 
unit type which has been built. From the parapets can be obtained a good 
idea of the extraordinary planting which constitutes one of the most important 
features of the Exposition Beautiful. At the far side, just beyond the Admin- 
istration Building, is the great stone gateway which is copied after the portals 
of numerous cities in Old and New Spain. 

El Prado, the main street of the Exposition, is a continuation of the Puente 
and leads almost due east through the Plaza de California, and into the Plaza 
de Panama; thence, on to the east and to the point where the visitors coming 
by the south gate must enter. 

HOW TO SEE THE GROUNDS 

It is suggested that the first trip through the Exposition be devoted not so 
much to a visit of the individual buildings and the study of the interesting ex- 
hibits, as to a tour which enables the visitor to get a good idea of the broader 
features of the Exposition and grounds. Thus, after one is well within the 
stone gateway, and has noted casually the dominant types of architecture at 
either side, the cathedral type, as demonstrated in the California State Building 
to the left, and the old mission type, as demonstrated in the Fine Arts Build- 
ing at the right, the trip should be continued through the opposite arch and for a 
few feet along the cloister at the south side of the Prado. Here at the right 
comes a succession of six steps, leading upward and into Los Jardines de Mont- 
ezuma (Garden of Montezuma) which lies between the Fine Arts Building 
and the Indian Arts Building. The garden is surrounded by a great succession 
of the bronze lamps which form the principal means of illumination through- 
out the grounds, and is filled with plants grown extensively in the formal gar- 
dens of Southern California. 

Still bearing to the right, the visitor comes to a gateway partially concealed 
by the shrubbery, and passes down four steps to a calcada, or foot path, which 
skirts the ridge forming the Canon Cabrillo. The calcada leads him along 

(4) 







Two of the Exposition Main Buildings on the 
Plaza de Panama. Above is the Home Economy 
Building. Below is the Foreign and Domestic Arts 
Building, which contains many unique displays from 
the Far East. 




the brink and through a curved pergola, whose piers are concealed from the 
inside by thick eugenia. On the canon side of the pergola climbs the honey- 
suckle, and over the other side, the Cecil Brunner rose, almost concealing the 
rafters of the pergola, where they meet. The calcada bears gradually toward 
the left, still following the edge of the canon, and leads the visitor along 
the palm jungle, which fills the tip of the canon where one gets an 
excellent view of the lower plateau, and the buildings of various west- 
ern states. Over beyond the plateau, lie the roofs of the city of San 
Diego; beyond them, the Harbor of the Sun, with its busy shipping; beyond 
that, the Strand of Coronado, and on the other side the massive outline of 
Point Loma, on which bristle the guns of Fort Rosecrans in strong contrast to 
the peaceful domes of the Theosophical Brotherhood, which lie a mile back 
from the Point. There, too, can be seen clearly the towers of a wireless 
station which carries messages over the sea to Hawaii, and is the largest of the 
Government stations. There, too, can be seen the United States coaling sta- 
tion, where every ship of the Pacific fleet stops before it continues its travels 
across the ocean or down the coast. North Island is visible, and on it the 
rows of hangars of the army aviation camp. One of the most impressive 
views in all the grounds is obtained from this calcada, between the curved per- 
gola and the palm jungle. The immediate foreground is filled with a gorgeous 
display of semi-tropical plant life of southern California — palm and acacia, eu- 
calyptus and slim Italian and Monterey Cyprus. Over the buildings in the back- 
ground clamber rose and jasmine and clematis. 

THE PALM JUNGLE {Canada de las Palmas) 

The calcada divides by the palm canon. The path to the left leads up 
to the arcade of the Indian Arts Building and into the Plaza de Panama. 
The path to the right carries one along the edge of the jungle, past some ex- 
traordinary varieties of cactus and up past a building erected by Kern and 
Tulare Counties, into the lower end of the Plaza de Panama, where stands the 
splendid new $100,000 out-of-doors pipe organ, given the citizens of San 
Diego by John D. and Adolph B. Spreckels whose loyalty to the city has been 
proved in countless instances. 

When the Panama-California Exposition has closed its gates, when the 
temporary buildings have been razed, when 1915 will have passed into oblivion, 
this magnificent testimonial of one man's love for the Sunny Southland will 
remain a permanent feiture of beautiful Balboa park, to be enjoyed in years to 
come by the residents of and the visitors to the city. 

The organ, housed in a sturdy covering of cement, is one of the greatest 
in the United States and the only one, so far as is known, built for open air 
recitals. It contains cathedral chimes, concert harp, drums and cymbals, 
features which are impossible in the largest of auditorium instruments. 

Power is furnished by electricity; no air is used. The organ is encased 
in a frame of steel and the parts have been made interchangeable. Almost any 
combination can be made by the organist without leaving his seat. There are 
four manuals, sixty-two speaking stops. 

The beautiful temple in which the organ is installed, was designed by 
Harrison Albright, who drew the plans for several of San Diego's largest and 
finest buildings, among them the splendid new Spreckels theatre. 

John D. and Adolph B. Spreckels are men who never do things by halves. 
So, after presenting San Diego with the organ and music pavilion, they cast about 
for an organist to entertain visitors in 1915. They didn' t want a musician who was 

(6) 





THE WEST SIDE OF THE PLAZA DE PANAMA 
LOOKING EAST ALONG THE PRADO 



merely capable of playing the instrument, they wanted a man who could furnish 
the best of music. 

Humphrey J. Stewart of San Francisco, one of the best known organists 
in the United States was selected. During the entire year, 1915, visitors will 
have the opportunity to hear the best interpretations on the only organ of its 
kind. 

Mr. Stewart is perhaps better known as a composer than as an artist. He 
was born in England, educated in English schools and later entered Oxford 
where he graduated with honors. He migrated to San Francisco in 1886 and 
it was not long before he was firmly launched on a career of music which has 
made his name known throughout the length and breadth of the land. 

The state plateau lies off to the southwest. Almost at the end of the col" 
onnade, which leads out from the central part of the organ pavilion, lies the 
building erected by Alameda and Santa Clara counties. A little further to 
the left along La Via de los Estados, lies the building erected by the State of 
Utah, marked by two dominant cupolas and four smaller ones. On down 
La Via de Los Estados lie three other interesting State buildings, the first, on 
the right, that of Washington, on the left is Montana, and furthest, New 
Mexico. The Nevada Building is situated on the Alameda (page 24). Further 
down on the plateau is the big tract given over to the United States Marine 
Barracks, especially installed for the Exposition. The Barracks are in the 
command of Maj. W. H. McKelvy, but Col. Joseph H. Pendleton of the 
4th Regiment United States Marines, has headquarters in the Science and 
Education building. In th Barracks will be seen the regular life of the United 
States marine and the methods whereby the American "soldier and sailor, 
too," has attained his extraordinary efficiency as demonstrated many times in 
battle and in peace. Adjoining the marine camp is the potpourri rose garden, 
where is shown the actual work of building up an American industry which 
should rival this important industry of Europe. 

THE SPANISH STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE 

Here, on this lower plateau, one gets a full understanding of the archi- 
tectural scheme which dominates the Exposition. Everything is Spanish- 
Colonial, and variety is furnished by this general school of architecture. No 
exposition of the past has ever followed anything of the sort, but it was almost 
a duty of San Diego to revive the glories of this school, because San Diego and 
Southern California trace their history back to the days of the conquistadores 
and pardes. The New Mexico Building, for example, is a replica of the 
ancient mission on the Rock of Acoma in New Mexico, one of the famous 
missions along the Santa Fe Trail. 

Although Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo, the discoverer of San Diego, came in 
1542, the settlement of the coast country did not begin until 1769, and in the 
meantime the settlement of the interior had been under way for nearly a cen- 
tury. The Fine Arts Building and the Indian Arts Building are excellent 
models of the California mission, and are more purely Spanish than the New 
Mexico type, in which the Indian influence is strongly apparent. The Cali- 
fornia mission introduced the rounded Spanish arch and the cloister, two of the 
leading features. Both types, of course, had the curious belfries, from which 
swung the mission bells. Here, then, are two types of Spanish-Colonial building. 
The cathedral type is best shown in the California State Building with its ornate 
frontispiece, and the beautifully carved doors and the ornamental dome and 
campanile. 

(8) 



On the Plaza de Panama are seen other interesting types. The Kern and 
Tulare Building, for example, is an excellent type of the urban residence. 
The San Joaquin Valley Building is of the pure type which marks the munici- 
pal structure of Spanish America. The Commerce and Industries Building has 
the colored cornice, which is almost purely Moorish. The other buildings 
introduce composites of the principal types. 

The visitor returns from the lower plateau and passes along the east side 
of the Plaza de Panama, in the lower corner of which stands the building 
erected by the Union Pacific and Salt Lake routes. Below the San Joaquin 
Valley Building is the Foreign and Domestic Arts Building, marked by the 
particularly ornate tower and doorways and cornices. Through a cool arcade 
to a short colonnade which forms the connecting link between this building and 
the Commerce and Industries Building and turning to the right, he passes down 
a short lane to a balcony overlooking the Canon Espanol and the sea. He 
turns to the left, then sharply to the right, thence behind the Commerce and 
Industries Building, and into another broad lawn dotted with eucalyptus and 
other trees. Following the edge of the canon, he comes up along the crest 
of a low slope and returns to the Prado by way of another stone balcony, 
guarded by giant century plants and commanding another striking view of the 
distant sea. 

THE PEPPER GROVE 

Still bearing to the right, he comes to the entrance of the pepper grove, 
and passing the small field hospital, winds in and out through the soft-drooping 
pepper trees, extensively grown throughout Southern California, and discovers 
rare vistas of the distant sea, through the rifts in the trees and back to the 
buildings of the Exposition Beautiful. Here there are no buildings, but simply 
a quiet grove where the visitor is compelled to sit down to rest in the soft 
breeze, and be glad that one can live in Southern California. There are lawns 
of bluegrass and clover, and of the lippea, more commonly known as the 
lazy man' s lawn ' ' , because the lippea never grows high and never has to be 
mowed. 

There is another patch beneath the pepper trees which is filled with Scotch 
heather. When evening comes on, the quail come up from the canyon and 
feed in the fragrant grasses, where by day the peacocks strut haughtily. 

Back along the path by which the visitor entered, one continues up to the 
Prado again. Facing him is the Southern Counties Building, behind which lies 
one of the most interesting exhibits on the grounds. Turning to the left, 
he leaves the pepper grove, the visitor passes between this building and the 
Varied Industries Building, the largest on the grounds. He passes along 
the Calk Cristobal, perhaps through the formal garden which lies to the 
rear of the Southern Counties Building, and into the Calk Colon, a short 
street connecting the Alameda and the Isthmus. Ahead stretches out the great 
citrus orchard, a masterpiece in the Exposition work, which affords the visitor 
from the chilly north and east his best opportunity to view the orange and 
lemon and grapefruit, the kumquat and the tangerine at their very best. 

To the right, as one faces this orchard, lies the beginning of the Isthmus, 
or amusement street, which has succeeded the old time Pike and Midway. 
To the left extends the Alameda and the exhibits which border it, all of 
such great importance that the visitor will go not once, but many times. 

Beyond the fire station lies the model intensive farm, and next that the 
great display of the International Harvester Company, the largest which that 
great concern ever established anywhere. 



From the Puente Cabrillo— 
Jldministration Building at 
Left; Beyond, California 
Building; Fine A rts {Build- 
ing at right; a section of the 
Fine Jlrts {Building 




THE TEA PLANTATION 

On the east side of the Alameda, just beyond the citrus orchard, lies the 
Lipton Tea Plantation, which is as unique in world's fairs as is the citrus 
orchard. The tea plants which fill this plantation, are the first considerable 
number to take root in American soil. They were brought from estates of Sir 
Thomas Lipton near Colombo, in Ceylon, by one of the head nurserymen in 
the Lipton service, carried across the Pacific under glass so as to protect them 
from the dangerous breezes, and finally planted in American soil to supply an 
adequate test of whether tea culture is possible in this country. Although they 
have been set but a short time, there is every indication that the experiment 
will prove successful, and that the San Diego Exposition will have given to this 
country a new industry supplanting the annual importation of 90,000,000 
pounds of tea from the Orient. The plantation continues under the care of 
the Singalese. 

Just to the north of the Lipton Plantation lies the building of the State of 
Nevada with its impressive display of that commonwealth's resources. 

Immediately to the north is the Standard Oil Building showing the manner 
by which crude oil is taken from the ground and refined into oil products 
which now constitute one of the greatest of the world's industries. 

THE GREAT SOUTHWEST'S AGRICULTURE 

To the north spanning the Alameda itself, lies the Tractor Building, 
and beyond it the great tractor demonstration field, which is of domi- 
nant importance in the Exposition work. The agricultural display can best be 
treated as a unit. For a long time the country has been thoroughly aware of 
the need of stimulating the back-to-the-land movement. There have been count 
less magazine and newspaper articles, and countless speeches, and a great many 
land shows with that as the prime motive, but none of them can be said to have 
been effective, for the reason that the sections and the quarter sections of vacant 
land which they sought to populate are still largely vacant. The shift from 
country to city continues with its attendant evils, and until the Exposition 
opened there had been done very little of an effective nature to change that 
steady shift of population. The reason is self-evident. Those who attended 
the land shows and read articles and heard the speeches knew already that the 
back-to-the-land movement was much to be desired. What they wanted was 
definite information as to how they should go back to the land, and what they 
should do when they got there, and none of this information was conveyed by 
the old means. 

Here lies the difference. San Diego does not show its agricultural ma- 
chinery housed in a great palace of machinery, but shows the giant tractors and 
reapers and plows and cultivators out in the field at work doing what they are 
built to do on a great American farm. 

The man who would not spend a minute looking at an idle machine which 
he could not understand, may well spend a great many hours looking at that 
same machine in operation. 

THE LESSON TO THE CITY MAN 

Every man has a definite idea about living in the country. He most longs 
for a place where his health would be better, and his savings larger and 
his children would be sturdier and better able to carry on his name, but when 
the average American thinks of going back to the land, he recollects his days 
or his father' s days on the old-time farm. He remembers the unfailing pro- 

(11) 



gram of rising before the sunrise, and working, as few draft animals could be 
expected to work, until long after sunset, and then going to bed too tired to 
rest but with another hard day before him. He remembers the distress of the 
farmer whose labors were rewarded only by clipping a little bit from the mort- 
gage which hung over his head constantly. He remembers the old time 
farmer's terror of the rain which might come on the following day. His 
whole recollections of farm life are far from pleasant. 

And now San Diego shows that the old time farm life is gone. The 
Exposition demonstrates that machinery has removed the drudgery which ex- 
isted a few decades ago. It demonstrates why the progressive farmers of today 
are able to make gasoline do most of their work and allow them a season of 
real prosperity— 1914 was the best year in the history of the American farm— 
and then have several months of the year for travel and recreation. 

THE MODEL INTENSIVE F A R M 

The western development army will be made up not so much of farmers 
and farmers' sons as of city men who wish to go back to the land. Many of 
those city men are not equipped physically or financially for the cultivating of 
a great tract of land of the sort for which this heavy type machinery is most 
economical. These city men would be unable to buy greater than a few acres 
of land. Let them go back down the Alameda to the model intensive farm, 
and they will see a five-acre tract of land producing as much as four or five 
times that tract of land can possibly produce under the old style methods. 
They will see that irrigation and intensive cultivation have revolutionized small 
scale farming. They will see five acres dotted with peach and apricot and pear 
and date and walnut trees, and beneath these trees they will see a thousand 
rows of vegetables, some northern, some semi-tropical, but all growing in 
riotous profusion under the scientific methods of the model western farm. It 
will be seen that a thousand farms of this sort up and down the California 
coast are supplying the question of a good living and a good annual surplus— 
a better living than was ever enjoyed in the city. And while the prospective 
farmer is discovering how modern machinery has cut down his work, so the 
wife of this prospective farmer will discover, by a visit to the model bungalow 
at the center of the model intensive farm, that modern machine!*} 7 has cut down 
the drudgery which her grandmother had to bear. She will discover that the 
comforts of the city apartment have simply been transferred to the farm, and 
that it is perfectly feasible to have the vacuum cleaner and the automatic 
pump, and the other necessities which would have caused the old time farmer's 
wife to live a longer and happier life than was her lot. 

This is, perhaps, the most important single teaching of the whole agricul- 
tural show, and it augurs well for the back-to-the-land movement. This, too, 
is a good demonstration of the striking feature of the San Diego Exposition, 
which has cast off the clothes of the old time world's fairs, and instead of 
showing merely the products which the old time fair showed, and which were 
discernible every day in every city of the country, shows the processes by which 
these products are made. 

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY 

It was this idea which convinced the International Harvester Company that 
it should make the largest display that it has ever made anywhere. It was this 
idea which convinced Sir Thomas Lipton that he should make the only exhibit of 
the sort that he has ever made. It was this idea that decided manufacturers 

U2j 




VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING FROM ACROSS EL PRADO 

COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES BUILDING 

IN THE BOTANICAL GARDENS 



from every section of the country to enter enthusiastically into the program of 
the San Diego Exposition, and participate in what is, not the largest world' s 
fair ever held, but the most interesting, as well as the most beautiful. 

The harvester exhibit is well worthy of careful examination. In the rear 
of the beautiful building lies the orchard which the harvester company itself 
laid out in order that there might be demonstrated the most improved machinery 
for orchard cultivation. This machinery is shown in operation. Back of the 
orchard, overhanging the Canon Cabrillo, is the open field where the grain 
and grass machinery is being operated. The company is showing the tools 
wherewith the desert is rapidly being changed into fruitful gardens. 

The southwestern territory contains fifty-two million acres of arable land, 
only eight million of which are being cultivated today, and while these eight 
millions are producing 5150,000,000 in farm revenue each year, there is a 
demonstration of the mighty additional revenue which should come from the 
area, more than five times as great, which today is producing absolutely 
nothing. 

AUTOMOBILE PARKING 

At the upper end of the Alameda running due east from the automobile 
parking station is the Calle Ancon. The reason for this choice of names is 
apparent when it is remembered that Ancon is the v north end of the real 
Isthmus, and Colon, the south end. The Isthmus is 2500 feet long, and is 
lined on both sides by quite the best array of entertainment features ever 
assembled, beside which even the recollection of the Midway at Chicago grows 
dim. 

WHAT THE ISTHMUS CONTAINS 

First, on the right, is the Painted Desert of the Santa Fe, far and away 
the most impressive display of real southwestern Indian life that the world has 
ever seen. Within a few acres have been gathered exhibits of actual living 
conditions among the Pueblo Indians and the nomadic tribes alike. In the 
eastern half of the desert is shown the life of the Pueblos, the Taos, Hopis, 
Zunis and the many tribes along the Rio Grande. The great adobe structures 
were built by the Indians themselves, brought over to San Diego from Arizona 
and New Mexico for that purpose alone. The red men will be seen weaving 
their rugs and blankets and shaping their pottery, and pounding out their copper 
and silver ornaments exactly as the southwestern Indians have done for cen- 
turies. They will be seen building new adobe houses ; they will be shown in 
their ancient ceremonials in their kivas, or ritual places, half buried in the sands 
of the desert. They will be seen at their outdoor bake ovens and by the 
corrals where the grazing animals are kept. They will be seen bringing their 
wares into the trading post, and exchanging them for food and white man's 
clothing. 

On the west side of the mesa which bisects the desert will be demon- 
strated the life of the Navajos, dwelling in their hogans, and, like their Pueblo 
brothers, performing their ceremonials in their sacred ritual places. High up 
in the great red sandstone cliff will be seen the Cliff Dwellers, descendants of 
the prehistoric races which were forced to seek shelter in the inaccessible 
cliffs of the enduring hills. Throughout the desert, which is surrounded by 
the adobe wall and set thick with cactus and pinon wood, brought over from 
the real Painted Desertjof Arizona, will be interesting relics of the earlier 
Indians of the Southwest. 

(14) . . 



PANAMA CANAL IN MINIATURE 

A little way down the Isthmus lies the Panama Canal Extravaganza, where- 
in is shown the only actual working model of the greatest waterway in all 
history, the greatest engineering feat whose opening is celebrated by this Expo- 
sition. Only a small number of the American people will have an opportunity 
to see the real canal. This Extravaganza offers them an admirable opportunity 
of studying carefully the exact manner of its operation. Everything has been 
constructed to scale, and is as accurate as human hands can make it. The 
concession includes also a typical street in old Panama, showing the conditions 
as the American engineers found them when they started this tremendous work, 
which had been the dream of the Spaniard and Frenchman and Saxon for 
centuries. While ships are shown passing through the model of the canal, a 
lecturer explains the points of vital interest along the way and some of the 
difficulties which the engineers had to cope with, and which they overcame. 

Far down the Isthmus, facing the Calle Colon, stands another of the 
highly important concessions, entitled "The War of the Worlds". Here is 
an imaginative portrayal of possible war conditions of the year 2000, as fore- 
seen by a mechanical expert who has followed closely the progress in the 
construction of battleships for the sea and the air alike. It presupposes the 
existence of interplanetary communication within the next few decades. It 
marks the climax in the development of panoramic extravaganza and mechanical 
ingenuity, as displayed in this field. 

The other wonders of this greatest of amusement streets are best seen to 
be understood, just as these three dominant features must be seen to be fully 
appreciated. A catalogue of them will be found on page 39. To each is 
given the complete indorsement of the Exposition management, which has seen 
to it that there are no objectionable features any place on the Isthmus or else- 
where on the grounds. Even the eating houses are under the control of the 
Exposition and a bond is deposited against overcharges. All cases of violation 
of this agreement or of the rules of ordinary courtesy should be reported 
immediately to the Information Bureau. 

The police station is situated at the foot of the Isthmus. One proceeds 
along the Calle Colon and enters the shaded lane between the Varied Indus- 
tries Building and the Cafe Cristobal, the largest of the restaurants on the 
grounds. This lane leads indirectly into the gardens of Japan and Formosa 
with the pavilion in the center. 

JAPAN VISITS THE OCCIDENT 

Particular attention is directed to the array of Japanese floral life, filling 
these gardens and surrounding the pool which is crossed by the folo bridge, 
(bridge of long life). The Japanese idea is that he who is able to cross the 
folo bridge without slipping on its shapely-curved surface is assured of long life. 
Similarly, the shachi fish which forms one of the ornaments of the roof is a 
symbol of good luck as the fabulous shachi fish was supposed to devour all 
devils. The folo bird over the main entrance is a symbol of immortality. 
The Japanese gardens join with the beautiful botanical gardens at the center of 
which is one of the largest lath houses in the world, filled with a triumphant 
array of the rarest tropical plants. There is a checking room in the pavilion, and 
free tables are supplied those visitors who bring light luncheons to the grounds. 

The surrounding gardens constitute one of the beauty spots of the Expo- 
sition Beautiful. The adjoining buildings are reflected in the La Laguna de las 
Flores (pool of flowers) and in the lagunita which lies between this large pool 
and the Botanical Building itself. 

(15) 




THE WASHINGTON BUILDING NEW MEXICO BUILDING 

MONTANA BUILDING 



Looking over the gardens is the bust of Fray Junipero Serra, the presi- 
dents general of the Spanish pardes and the most important figure in the 
building up of the great chain of missions along El Camino Real, which 
stretches from the first mission, San Diego de Alcala, to the mission of San 
Francisco de Solano. This bust forms a part of the tablet on the west side of 
the Varied Industries Building, almost at the end of the Botanical Building. 

One may walk around to the back of the Botanical Building and along 
the path overhanging the canyon, back of the main structure, and into Los 
Jardines del Eucalyptus (gardens of the Eucalypt) which is back of the Cali- 
fornia State Building, or he can return to the Prado and walk along the front 
of the Home Economy Building into the Plaza de Panama. At the north end 
of the plaza stands the great building of the Sacramento Valley; before it, the 
canopy beneath which the Spanish band plays. Across the plaza at the north- 
west corner stands the Science and Education Building, at the nearest corner 
of which is one of the quaint patios which stand at various places about the 
grounds. The patio was the quiet garden of the Spanish residence and was 
transplanted to the Spanish mission as well. This particular little green spot 
has a small fountain of Pan, and the familiar vine framed and rug draped bal- 
cony, in which the senorita of the days of romance used to hold her siesta 
while in the garden below, the caballero sang. 

Down the arcade a little distance, by the main entrance of the Science 
and Education Building, is another patio with two more fountains of Pan, and 
an interesting display of palm and bamboo. Months would not suffice to learn 
the full array of flora of Southern California. It might be mentioned that the 
eucalyptus family has some two hundred varieties, most of which are present 
in the Exposition grounds, and the acacia nearly as many. 

In the arcade connecting the Science and Education Building with the 
California Building, just as one is about to enter the Plaza de Panama, is an- 
other gateway leading to the right and opening into Los Jardines de Eucalyptus, 
the open space which overhangs the Canon Cabrillo. 

OTHER SUGGESTED ROUTES 

This constitutes perhaps the best tour of the grounds. If one enters by 
the south gate, it is advisable to start his tour of the grounds as indicated on 
page 9, after leaving the pepper grove. When he has reached the Plaza de 
California, as indicated in the last preceding paragraph, he might follow the 
route as outlined beginning on page 9, through the pepper grove, thus com- 
pleting the tour. 

If he enters by way of the north gate, he might take up the trip leading 
down the Isthmus as indicated on page 14, and after leaving the Plaza de 
California follow the trip as outlined, from the west gate, indicated on page 17. 




U. S. Forestry Exhibit 



The United States government's forestry exhibit at the Exposition is lo- 
cated in the New Mexico Building. This is singularly appropriate, because 
the San Diego Exposition is devoted particularly to the West, and New Mexico 
is one of the western states in which the forestry service is doing some of its 
most important work. 



(17) 




ALAMEDA AND SAXTA CLARA COUNTIES BUILDING 

KERN AND TULARE COUNTIES BUILDING 

SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY BUILDING 



Forests, waters, minerals and live stock ranges are the great resources of 
Mexico. The rivers depend in large measure upon the forests to protect the 
watersheds which feed them and to act as reservoirs for impounding their ex- 
cessive flow against periods of drought. The efficiency of the ranges is close- 
ly related to the work of the National Forests. The forest resources of the 
state, their relation to the resources of water and range, and the work being 
done on the National Forests to insure protection and wisest use of their re- 
sources from the Forest Service display, which is under the direction of Don 
Carlos Ellis, of the Federal Forest Service. 

New Mexico has valuable and varied timber resources, and more than 
8,500,000 acres of its timber land are protected within the boundaries of the 
National Forest. The rivers of the state which are important for irrigation 
and power take their rise in the protected slopes of these forests, and are 
shown by original maps prepared especially for the San Diego Exposition. 
Transparencies at the windows and bromide enlargements and stereoptican 
slides displayed in automatic machines show the character of the forests of the 
state and the ravages wrought in them where fire has swept and grazing has 
been excessive and uncontrolled. The pictures also show the excellent con- 
ditions maintained in the government forests, the National Forest system of 
fire protection, and the manner in which the National Forest timber is logged 
in order to prevent unnecessary waste. 

Protection of the forests from fire is a most important work of the Forest 
Service and so is given great prominence in the exhibit. In the center of the 
exhibit hall, is a full size platform of one of the types of fire lookout towers 
used in the National Forests. Fire fighting equipment also is shown in the 
exhibit. 

The close connection between forests and stream flow and surface for- 
mation is graphically shown by a working model on which falls water in the 
form of rain. The model has two slopes, one forested, the other bare. The 
water falling on the forested slope is absorbed by the protected and porous soil 
and seeps out later perfectly clear. No soil erosion occurs. On the bare 
slope, the water rushes off the hardened surface immediately, cutting away the 
soil as it goes and depositing the silt in the channel of the river, in the reser- 
voir below, and upon the farm land in time of flood. 

It is this relation of forests to stream flow which makes the National For- 
ests of New Mexico so vital to successful irrigation. Reservoirs fill up rapidly 
with silt and are soon rendered useless when the watersheds above them are 
denuded of timber. The great government irrigation projects in New Mexico 
are supplied from watersheds on National Forests. 

The whole story of National Forest activities, the mountainous, non-agri- 
cultural character of the land and how the forests are used by the people, is 
told by the model of an idealized National Forest. Upon this model, are 
grouped examples showing the more important kinds of work carried on by 
forest officers and the many ways in which the forests are used by the public. 
This model is supplemented by a chart giving actual figures regarding the uses 
to which the New Mexico National Forests were put by the public in 1914. 



(19) 



The Buildings 



The exhibits in the four buildings lying west of the Plaza de Panama were, 
with the exception of those in the center section of the Science and Education 
building, prepared under the direction of the School of American Archaeol- 
ogy of the Archaeological Institute of America. The Director and Staff of 
the School, in collaboration with members of the scientific corps of the United 
States National Museum were engaged for four years in the preparation of 
these exhibits. 

CALIFORNIA QUADRANGLE 

The California Quadrangle comprises the buildings surrounding the Plaza 
de California, a paved square which is entered from the west by way of the 
Ocean Gate and from the east by way of the Prado Gate. In its architecture 
it furnished the key note of the Exposition. The architect was Mr. Bertram 
G. Goodhue of New York and it was constructed under the personal super- 
vision of Mr. Carleton M. Winslow of San Diego. It comprises on the 
north side the California State r^uilding; on the south side, the Fine Arts 
Building. 

CALIFORNIA BUILDING 

The first function of the California Building is social. It is the Host 
building. On the ground floor, west wing, are the rooms of the President 
and official host of the Exposition, Mr. G. Aubrey Davidson. In the east 
wing is the parlor of the California State Commission. In the upper gallery 
of the west wing, and occupying the entire west side of the Quadrangle, are 
the Women's Headquarters. These are the rooms of the Women's Board 
of the Exposition, Mrs. I. N. Lawson, President, and are open to all visitors, 
both men and women. 

As a place for exhibits it did not seem appropriate that the California 
Quadrangle should be devoted to transitory uses, such as displays of state re- 
sources, so well shown in the various buildings or the California counties. It 
afforded an opportunity for perpetual benefit to the public. Its architecture, 
representing our rich inheritance from the past, particularly old Spain, sug- 
gested the idea of showing something of what Europeans saw when they first 
looked upon the new world. 

It seemed especially fitting that the California Building should enshrine 
the memorials of a race that ran its course in America before the continent 
was seen by Europeans. The native American civilization so impressed the 
Spanish conquerors when they first saw the shores of Mexico and Central 
America, that they carried back to the old world glowing accounts of rich em- 
pires, opulent cities and powerful monarchs. We now know that they made 
many mistakes in the interpretation of what they saw. Yet, as the science of 
Archaeology brings to light the remains of the ancient American world, we 
must admit that the enthusiasm of the Spaniards was not without justification. 
The brilliancy of the new race suggested another Orient. The ruins of Cent- 
ral American cities seemed to emtomb another Egypt. 

In the absorption of building a great English speaking nation, we have 
lost sight of the part played by Spain in American history; still further have 
we lost sight of the great works of the native American race, which we know 
in its decadence. The object of the exhibits in the California Building is to 

(20) 




Two of the California Counties Buildings, in 
which are shown the wonderful resources of the 
Golden State. Above is the Sacramento Valley 
Building on the Plaza de Panama. Below the South- 
ern Counties Building near the South Gate. 




(21) 



present a picture of the golden age of that race — a page of human history that 
is as worthy of study as are its great contemporaries of the old world. 

For the first time in the history of expositions a great building is devoted 
to ancient America. Here are to be seen the most important works of the 
ancient peoples of Central America, a civilization which reached its zenith and 
went down before it became known to white men. The picture of this an- 
cient culture is presented in fac-simile reproductions of their remarkable bas- 
relief sculptures, hieroglyphic inscriptions and majestic monuments; in models 
of their temples and palaces; paintings of their "Temple Cities"; sculptures 
depicting their activities, and objects of art excavated from their ruins. Never 
before have the noble works of the Mayas been given such a setting, and never 
before have they been presented in such perfection. 

Works of Art Relating to Ancient America 

in the 
CALIFORNIA BUILDING. 

VESTIBULE. 

HISTORICAL FRIEZE, "DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST OF AMERICA," 

MRS. SALLIE JAMES FARNHAM, SCULPTOR. 

1. Discovery of America by Columbus. 

2. Discovery of Pacific Ocean by Balboa. 

3. Conquest of Mexico by Cortez. 

4. Conquest of Peru by Pizarro. 

BAS-RELIEF SCULPTURES FROM ANCIENT MAYA CITY OF PALENQUE, 
MEXICO : 

5. The Magician: Pier Tablet from the Temple of the Sun. 

6. The Priest: Pier Tablet from the Temple of the Sun. 

7. Altar Piece from the Temple of the Cross. 

8. Altar Piece from the Temple of the Sun. 

9. Hieroglyphic Tablet from the Temple of Inscriptions. 

10. Hieroglyphic Tablet from the Temple of Inscriptions. 
INSCRIPTION OVER DOORWAY: 

11. Date of California Building (January First, 1915, A. D.) in Maya Hiero- 
glyphic Characters. 

II. 
ROTUNDA. 
COLUMNS AT ENTRANCE: 

12. The Plumed Serpent Portal, Temple of Sacrifice, Chichen Itza, Yucatan. 
RELIEF MAP IN CENTER OF ROTUNDA: 

13. Central America: The Home of the Ancient Maya Civilization. 

SCULPTURED MONUMENTS FROM ANCIENT MAYA CITY OF QLTRIGUA, 
GUATEMALA : 

14. The Great Turtle : Representing a woman in the mouth of a mythic animal. 

15. Monument of a Bearded Man: Figure of a Death God on back. 

16. The Leaning Shaft: Monument of a Priest Ruler. 

17. The Queen: Monument of a Woman Ruler or Priestess. 

18. The Dragon: Representing a bearded man in the mouth of a mythic animal. 

III. 
UPPER GALLERIES. 
EAST SIDE. 
MURAL PAINTINGS OF MAYA CITIES. CARLOS VIERRA, ARTIST: 

19. Ancient Temple City of Copan, Honduras. 

20. Ancient Temple City of Quirigua, Guatamala. 

(22) 



MAYA FRIEZE: SCENES FROM MAYA LIFE. MRS. JEAN COOK-SMITH, 
SCULPTOR: 

21. Quarrying Stones for the Great Monuments. 

22. Hauling a Monument to the City. 

23. A Serpent Dance. 

24. Building a Maya Temple. 

25. Sculpturing a Monument. 

ARCHITECTURAL MODEL: 

26. Temple of Sacrifice, Chichen Itza, Yucatan. 
SCULPTURED MONUMENT: 

27. Animal Head, from Quirigua, Guatemala. 

SOUTH SIDE. 
SCULPTURED SHAFT FROM QUIRIGUA, GUATEMALA: 

28. Monument of a Priest-Ruler. 

MURAL PAINTINGS OF MAYA CITIES, CARLOS VIERRA, ARTIST: 

29. Ancient Pyramid City of Tikal, Northern Guatemala. 

30. Ancient City of Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico. 
MAYA FRIEZE, MRS. JEAN COOK-SMITH, SCULPTOR: 

31. Dedication of a Maya Temple. 

32. A Maya Ceremony of Divination. 

33. Symbolic Panel "Spirit of the Past" (not yet installed). 

BAS-RELIEF SCULPTURES : 

34. Panel from the Temple of Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico. 

35. Altar Piece: Woodcarving from Tikal, Guatemala. 
ANCIENT POTTERY: 

36. Case of sixty-five vases, excavated at Chiriqui, Panama. 

WEST SIDE. 

MURAL PAINTINGS OF MAYA CITIES, CARLOS VIERRA, ARTIST: 

$ 

37. Chichen Itza, the Holy City of Northern Yucatan. 

MAYA FRIEZE: SCENES FROM MAYA LIFE, MRS. JEAN COOK-SMITH, 
SCULPTOR. 

39. The Procession: Sacrifice of the Virgins at Chichen Itza. 

40. The Sacrifice at the Sacred Well. 

41. The Return of the Oracle. 

42. The Assemblage at the Ceremonial Ball Game. 

43. The Maya Ball Game. 
ARCHITECTURAL MODEL: 

44. The Palace at Uxmal, Northern Yucatan. 
SCULPTURED MONUMENT: 

45. Great Seal, from Quirigua, Guatemala. 

The entrance to the Women' s Headquarters is at the head of the stair- 
way in the southwest corner balcony. All Exposition visitors are welcome 
and none should fail to visit these rooms. They consist of the Hostess' Gal- 
lery, the Bridge, the Corridor, the Blue Tea Room and the Roof Balcony. 
They constitute the social center of the Exposition, and in appointment, in 
purpose and in spirit reflect the inner life of the Exposition, which it is hoped 
all will discover and enjoy. The paintings in the women's Headquarters are 
the work of the late Donald Beauregard, and are loaned by Mr. Frank Spring- 
er of New Mexico. The Women's Board maintains a Women's Rest Room 
on the chapel floor of the Fine Arts Building and a Babies' Room on the bal- 
cony of the Science and Education Building. 

In the east wing, upper floor, is an exhibition of the Curtis Indian 
pictures. 

(23) 




KANSAS STATE BUILDING, NEVADA STATE BUILDING, 
UTAH STATE BUILDING 



FINE ARTS BUILDING 

.The most impressive display in the Fine Arts building, the sober front of 
which faces the California building, is of course the gallery of forty-nine 
paintings occupying the hall on the main floor. The list of paintings with the 
artists follows: 

1. Woman and Macaws George Luks 

2. The Theologian George Luks 

3. The Wrestlers George Luks 

4. Fantasy George Luks 

5. Cuban Dancers George Luks 

6. Children of the Slums George Luks 

7. The Broken Bow Joseph Henry Sharp 

8. Grief Joseph Henry Sharp 

9. Pottery Decorators Joseph Henry Sharp 

10. The Gamblers Joseph Henry Sharp 

11. The Stoic Joseph Henry Sharp 

12. Along the Little Horn Joseph Henry Sharp 

13. Landscape With Figures Maurice B. Prendergast 

14. Children Playing Maurice B. Prendergast 

15. The Brunette William Glackens 

16. Cape Cod Shore William Glackens 

17. Girl in Blue Dress William Glackens 

18. Summer, Long Island William Glackens 

19. Skating, Central Park William Glackens 

20. Gods at Play Carl Sprinchorn 

21. Interior Guy Pene Du Bods 

22. Virginia III Guy Pene Du Bois 

23. Sporting Life Guy Pene Du Bois 

24. The Doll and the Monster Guy Pene Du Bois 

25. The Dancer Guy Pene Du Bois 

26. Twentieth Century Young Ladies Guy Pene Du Bois 

27. Movies John Sloan 

28. Brace's Cove, Gloucester John Sloan 

29. Clown Making Up John Sloan 

30. Autumn, Gloucester Dunes John Sloan 

31. Chinese Restaurant John Sloan 

32. Sunday, Girls Drying Their Hair .John Sloan 

33. The Beryl Gorge, Appledore Childe Hassam 

34. Moonrise at Sunset Childe Hassam 

35. The Squall, Cape Ann Childe Hassam 

36. In -Brittany Childe Hassam 

37. Irish Lad Robert Henri 

38. Tom Po Kwi (Water of Antelope Lake) Robert Henri 

39. Po Tse (Water Eagle) Robert Henri 

40. Mary O'D Robert Henri 

41. Irish Lass Robert Henri 

42. Pat Robert Henri 

43. Boat House in Winter Ernest Lawson 

44. Hill at Innwood Ernest Lawson 

45. Cloud Shadows Ernest Lawson 

46. Approach to the Bridge, Night George Bellows 

47. New York George Bellows 

48. Men of the Dock George Bellows 

49. Little Girl in White George Bellows 

The paintings in this gallery are for sale. Prices may be obtained from the attend- 
ant in charge. Inquiry relating to the work of the artists exhibiting in this gallery is 
cordially invited. 

Attention is directed to the remarkable hall just within the west entrance 
to the Fine Arts building, especially to the woodwork of the ceiling from 
which hangs a great bronze lamp. The visitor who passes through this hall 

(25) 





- 




THE GEM MINE 



CAWSTON OSTRICH FARM 



TRACTOR BUILDING 



finds himself in the balcony of the little Franciscan chapel completely installed 
in close imitation of the characteristic chapels established by the Franciscan 
friars in the early days of California history. The rough-hewn beams of the 
ceiling, the uneven window edges and the rough tile floor are particularly 
characteristic. 

On the lower floor of this building, below the level of the Plaza, is the 
collection contributed by the Pioneer Society, containing a number of pictures 
and relics decidedly interesting to those who are concerned with the early 
days of historic San Diego. 

INDIAN ARTS BUILDING 

Adjoining the Fine Arts building is the quaint mission structure devoted 
to a display of Indian arts with a demonstration of the crafts of the present 
Indians of the southwest one of the particularly noteworthy features. The 
art in this building, good as many features of it are, is installed mainly for 
supplying atmosphere for the scientific displays between these walls. Thus 
the entire collection of canvasses by Gerald Cassidy, hung in the south hall of 
the building, portrays the scenes of the desert country from which were recov- 
ered the relics displayed in and out of the cases in that hall. 

Special attention is directed to the collection of pottery containing some- 
thing over 5,000 pieces and looked on as the best collection of Indian pottery 
extant. There are a few life size models showing the methods employed by 
the ancient Indians of Central and South America, and some miniature models 
showing typical village scenes. There are rugs and original drawings of great 
interest and other relics typical of the southwest. Special attention is directed 
to the remarkable Indian photographs of Roland Reed which, like the collec- 
tion known as "The Vanishing Race" by Curtis, in the California group, is 
worthy of continued study. 

In the east balcony is the exhibit of the Daughters of the American Rev- 
olution, in connection with which there is operated a dainty tea room. 

SCIENCE AND EDUCATION BUILDING 

That portion of this building which is designated as being devoted to the 
Science of Man, houses the remarkable exhibit by the Smithsonian Institution, 
showing the steady advance of man from the earliest days as proved to the 
satisfaction of scientists by data which have been unearthed from time to time. 
There are interesting types of the white, black and red races and an imposing 
array of skulls selected so as to show the steady advance of humanity. The 
exhibit is largely self-explanatory. 

Immediately west of this gallery is the section devoted to a display of wel- 
fare work, showing how scientific methods are advancing the physical and 
mental welfare of employes. 

Still to the north is the hall where many of the lectures and small con- 
ventions are held; about the walls are interesting charts. 

On the second floor of this building are the headquarters of Col. J. H. 
Pendleton of the Fourth U. S. Marines, one battalion of which is in charge 
of Major W. H. McKelvy and is encamped on the lower plateau and fur- 
nishes a genuine education in matters pertaining to marine work. 

HOME ECONOMY BUILDING 

This structure is devoted principally to showing to women what has been 
done to better conditions in the home. Particular attention might be paid to 

(27) 



the Model Kitchen, where it is demonstrated that the farm wife of today has 
just as much right to relief from the drudgery in the home as her husband has 
in the meadows and barns. 

All the exhibits in this building are devoted to this particular service, 
and the whole array is of special interest to women and to home builders. 

FOREIGN" A X D DOMESTIC ARTS BUILDING 

The largest exhibit here is that of Japan, which was installed by the Jap- 
anese Exhibit Association under the supervision of Kyosen Kai. This same 
organization also built the Japan and Formosa pavilion and installed one of the 
concessions on the Isthmus. The display in the Foreign and Domestic Arts 
Building is looked upon as one of the most important industrial exhibits Japan 
has ever made in this country, emphasis being laid on the industries of Japan 
and the manner in which the people of the Orient produce certain goods which 
have never been equalled by occidentals. 

There are many other displays in this building showing the arts and indus- 
tries of foreign countries and also of America. 

COMMERCE A N D INDUSTRIES BUILDING 

A highly important display of industries, especially those related to com- 
merce, is here contained, with the exhibits of adding machines, cash registers 
and the like particularly prominent. Here too is contained the steamship ex- 
hibit and that of a large motor-truck company which has been demonstrating a 
signal service to commerce and transportation other than local— in the form 
of regular deliveries between San Diego and various points of the rich back 
country. 

In this building is the display of the United States mint, making souvenirs 
of the Exposition on the coin and currency machinery loaned by the bureau of 
engraving of the Treasury department. At the other end is the Navy depart- 
ment exhibit. Some of the displays in this structure are among the largest on 
the grounds. 

VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING 

Here in impressive form is carried out by many of the exhibitors the idea 
originally contemplated for all exhibits— the showing of processes rather than 
products. Thus a great milling company has installed a complete bread and 
cake making plant which supplies many of the wants of the eating concessions 
on the grounds. A cracker company shows the manufacture of crackers, a 
sea-food company the manner of gathering its raw material, a winery the 
manner of gathering grapes and pressing from them the best vintages. 

These and many others are contained in the Food Products section of 
the building, but in the main section, adjoining the Prado, are the principal 
machinery displays and booths filled with other exhibits of decided interest. 
Between the two entrances from the Prado lies the information bureau which 
is equipped for supplying information concerning interesting side trips out of 
San Diego and points of interest on the various railroad routes to east and north. 

STATES AND COUNTIES 

With the main exhibits of the Exposition devoted largely to the effort to 
show to the visitor from other parts of the country and other parts of the world 
the opportunities awaiting the traveler and settler in the American West, the 
leading states of the west have erected imposing buildings to emphasize the 

(28) 











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ACROSS THE LAWN BY THE MODEL CALIFORNIA BUNGALOW 

BUILDING OF INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. OF AMERICA 

IN THE JAPANESE GARDENS— JAPAN AND FORMOSA BUILDING 

(29) 



lessons taught in its general features. It is their task to show what each in- 
dividual state has to offer. Most of these buildings are located on the lower 
plateau and are almost the first sights to strike the eye of the visitor, whether 
he come across El Puente Cabrillo or up along El Paseo to the south gate. 
Two of the states have placed their exhibits elsewhere,— Nevada whose exhibit 
is located in the heart of the outdoor display among the Alameda, and Califor- 
nia whose imposing S250, 000 building stands close to the west approach, its 
great tower and dome dominating the architectural scheme of the whole grounds. 

The California Building, however, is not devoted to a display of the state's 
resources as is the case with the other states, but this work has been left to the 
fine buildings erected by individual groups of counties. 

The Sacramento Valley and the mountain counties display their varied re- 
sources in an imposing building at the north end of the Plaza de Panama. The 
building, which is in charge of J. A. Filcher, is one of the finest on the 
grounds, among the types of palatial character. Along the front is a line of 
imposing pillars, back of which is a deep alcove which forms an entrance to 
the building itself. Within the great hall, whose woodwork is entirely of 
burned pine of exceedingly novel treatment, are gathered the wonderful re- 
sources of the valley and mountain districts of the north of the state. There 
are some unusual features of decoration, such as the jars which apparently sup- 
port the entire weight of the central exhibit. Around the walls and in the al- 
coves are broad benches and a thick growth of permanent plants. 

The middle portion of the state is cared for by the San Joaquin Valley 
Counties Association, whose building on the east side at the lower end of the 
Plaza is probably the best on the grounds of the municipal building type which 
is seen frequently in Spanish America. The San Joaquin Valley has devised 
an extraordinary mural decoration scheme. The large staff of workers, both 
men and girls from the Valley, have arranged unique designs in grains and 
grasses which cover the panels all over the walls and ceilings of the building. 
There are, of course, some exellent colored photographs on a large scale which 
set forth the various industries of particular prominence in the San Joaquin 
Valley. C. H. Edwards is in charge of the building. 

The third large group of counties comprising the southern section of the 
state has erected an imposing building near the south gate, and back of that 
building has laid out one of the most impressive displays on the grounds. The 
building itself opens into the formal garden through which one walks to the 
citrus on the other side of Calle Colon. Here in this orchard are the many 
varieties of citrus fruit; the orange, lemon, grapefruit, kumquat, tangerine, 
and a row of trees certain to excite great curiosity inasmuch as grafted in their 
trunks are numerous varieties of citrus fruit, each of these varieties growing well 
under conditions which are almost incomprehensible to the visitor from north- 
ern climes. 

Across the Alameda from the citrus orchard is the model intensive farm, 
wherein is the attempt to show that the settler in the west does not need a 
great amount of land, and that on a small tract of five acres or even less can 
make a good living for himself and and family and provide for an annual sur- 
plus. Not content with showing the wonders of intensive agriculture, the 
Southern Counties have built in the center of the model farm a model bungalow, 
equipped with every convenience to make the settler less likely to miss the con- 
venience of his city apartment. In this farm, by the way, are shown many 
of the fruits of California other than citrus fruits. These include the peach, 
apricot, the fig, olive, apple, cherry and alligator pear and a few walnut trees. 

(30) 



Here too is the vineyard. The work on the Southern Counties display was 
carried on under the direction of C. L. Wilson. 

There are two smaller groups of counties presented; Kern and Tulare, 
whose graceful building, in charge of A. E. Miot and T. F. Burke, lies across 
the Esplanade from the San Joaquin Valley Building, close by the entrance to 
La Via de los Estados; and Alameda and Santa Clara, whose building is di- 
rectly across this highway leading to the state plateau, and is in charge of J. C. 
Hayes and S. Lester Tarleton. Here, too, are shown the resources which 
these sections have to offer the man who wishes to live in California. , The 
visitor will realize, after a tour of the buildings, the extraordinary resources of 
the Golden State, whose industries are almost as numerous as the industries of 
the entire United States. 

There at the entrance of the lower plateau begins the succession of state 
buildings. The first is Kansas. Beyond Kansas lies the large building erect- 
ed by the state of Utah, surmounted by two large cupolas in red tile and four 
smaller pinnacles grouped about them at the corners. Beyond the Utah build- 
ing, which is in charge of Gilbert W. Williams, is the structure erected by the 
state of Montana, assisted materially by the generosity of former Senator Will- 
iam A. Clark, whose personal gift of $10,000 made it possible for the state to 
devote its appropriation to the installation of an exhibit which should set forth 
in a fair measure the opportunities offered by Montana. Granville Stewart, a 
Montana pioneer, represents Montana, with Frank A. Hazelbaker frequently in 
attendance. 

Directly across the way is the building erected by the state of Washington, 
so constructed that the rear balcony overhangs the small canyon which leads 
out from the Canyon Cabrillo. Gwin Hicks, who represents the state of 
Washington, has laid especial stress on its forestry, fruit and fisheries features. 
The last of this row of buildings is that erected by the state of New Mexico in 
replica of the ancient mission on the Rock of Acoma. Even before one gets 
within the building and sees the exhibit which New Mexico has made, he is 
impressed by the quaintness of the exterior which shows the manner in which 
the Spanish settler utilized Indian ideas and Indian materials of building. For 
example, there are no rounded arches such as came into California at a later 
period. The lines are generally straight, though the towers and walls are 
thicker at the bottom than at the top, this being due to difficulties in building 
with adobe which the Indians used. Col. R. E. Twitchell is chairman of the 
New Mexico commission. 

The Nevada building lying between the Standard Oil building and the 
Lipton Tea plantation is another imposing Spanish structure in which the 
rounded arch plays a dominant part. The original intention was to have 
Nevada occupy the space between the Utah and the Montana buildings, but 
owing to the advanced state of the gardening which had been reached when 
Nevada was ready to build, the state consented to place its exhibits on the Ala- 
meda. I. G. Lewis is in charge. 

The resources which these western states present to the world are almost 
unlimited. The prime object of the San Diego Exposition was not to help the 
city of San Diego by direct methods as had been the case with previous world's 
fairs, but first to the interest of the western states on whose good feeling San 
Diego is of course dependent for future prosperity. Before the cities and 
manufacturing industries of the western states can reach their full growth, it 
will be necessary for the agricultural industries of the states to be fully develop- 
ed. Hence, the emphasis on agriculture throughout the Exposition; hence, 

(31) 



the effort on the part of the states to show what they are doing in agriculture 
and what they are still able to do as soon as the vast acres of undeveloped land 
are finally thrown open to the settler and cultivation started. 

The other natural resources are displayed in fullest measure. Mention 
has been made of the forestry exhibits. It should also be made of the mineral 
exhibits, not only of precious metals but of the baser metals which are of just 
as great industrial value. There is a display of coking and coal resources which 
will become necessary in the days when the great industries spring into better 
development. There is plenty of iron in the mountains, but its fullest value 
will be found only when there is developed plenty of coal for the treatment of 
the iron, its conversion into steel and the manufacturer of structural shapes. 

The displays of irrigation projects to open up the agricultural lands, im- 
portant as they are, are probably no more important than the displays of mining 
opportunities such as make possible a yearly output of something over $125,- 
000,000, nearly as much as the agricultural output. The west is barely tapped 
today, and its mineral wealth will continue to produce for many years to come. 
The agricultural wealth, of course, is inexhaustible. The forests of the west 
will continue to produce lumber for the world just as long as the present scien- 
tific methods continue, and there is every indication that these methods are the 
wisest. There are great reserves which ultimately will be opened, and when 
they are opened, the west will witness the wisdom of the policy which con- 
served them so long. 

There are also unlimited resources of scenery. There is not a state ex- 
hibiting which has not some mighty display of mountain or valley, lake, sea or 
desert, or forest to show to the wondering world. The effort on the part of 
the Exposition is to make certain that every visitor who comes shall spend a 
great amount of time visiting these different states after he has visited their build- 
ings and seen what "the states have to offer. It is an Exposition which is gen- 
uine, whose effort is an earnest effort to help the country in which it is situated, 
the American West, the Empire of To-morrow. 




Special Events 



In addition to the Spanish Exposition band which gives periodical concerts 
in the P/aza de Panama, and the organ recitals in the Organ Pavilion, there are 
many other musical features. The Marine Band gives frequent concerts, 
generally in connection with the interesting drills of the Marines now on the 
grounds. The Thirteenth Regiment Coast Artillery Band from Fort Rose- 
crans also will play on the Exposition grounds. There are musical features 
along the Isthmus which are worthy of special attention. 

The daily program contains a complete record of special events for the 
day, giving the time and place of all scheduled events. 

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE 

All transportation within the grounds except pedestrian will be by way of the 
Electriquettes. The Exposition has abandoned the old time push chair with 

(33) 



its attendant discomforts, and has substituted a motor driven vehicle which is 
absolutely safe and can be operated with ease without previous practice. The 
Electriquette rents for $1. 00 an hour and carries two persons. It proceeds at 
an easy walking gait, and will be found extremely valuable for those who are 
unable to walk over the entire grounds. 

The central station is situated on the west side of the Isthmus 100 yards 
north of the Calk Colon. There are sub-stations as indicated by crosses on 
the accompanying map. 

Transportation to the grounds from the downtown section is possible by 
street car over the Xo. 1 route (5th street to Laurel Street entrance, thence 
two blocks to the gate), and by the Xo. 7 car route (B Street to 12th and 
thence through the lower end of Balboa Park along El Paseo). 

Automobiles are admitted to the grounds only after 6 P. AI. Excellent 
parking service is provided at north and south gates. 

SPECIAL INFORMATION 

Police headquarters are situated at the lower end of the Isthmus. The 
entire service is in the hands of Wm. A. Pinkerton. Guards and attendants 
in uniform are stationed throughout the grounds and are under orders to serve 
the visitors in all reasonable ways. 

The Information Bureau is by the Prado door of the Varied Industries 
Building, and is equipped with capable attendants who can give all neces- 
sary information. The telegraph offices are located here. Telephone booths 
are located in each building, the exact location of the booths being found by 
reference to the individual building maps. 

The main checking station with its safety locker system adjoins the police 
station at the foot of the Calk Colon and the Isthmus. Other checking stat- 
ions are located in each building, the exact location of them being found by 
reference to the accompanying ground plans of the individual buildings. 

Rest rooms are located in most of the buildings. The largest one for 
women is that operated by the Y. W. C. A. in the Commerce and Industries 
Building. 

The Exposition maintains a hospital and ambulance service for emergen- 
cies. The Balboa Guards are instructed to summon medical attention in the 
quickest possible way. 

RESTAURANTS 

The largest restaurant is the Cafe Cristobal on the Alameda facing the 
Calk Colon. The Alnambra Cafe is situated at the foot of the Isthmus on the 
northwest corner of the Calk Colon and several lunch rooms are on the oppo- 
site side of the Isthmus nearly across the street. The ice cream gardens are 
in that same neighborhood. On the second floor of the Indian Arts building 
is a dainty tea room operated by the Daughters of the American Revolution, 
and in the open loggia of the Varied Industries building a restaurant and rest 
room operated by the Young Woman's Christian Association. There are 
frequent stands for cider, butter milk and similar light refreshments at various 
points in the grounds. Several concessions on the Isthmus include extraordi- 
nary eating arrangements where a particular class of service is afforded. 

A D AI I S S I O X S 

The Exposition will be open daily from 7 A. AI. until midnight. Until 

(34) 




LIPTON'S TEA GARDENS 



In most of the Exposition buildings, the displays 
are so large as to be self-explanatory , and detailed 
ivritten or graphic description is unnecessary. In 
four of the buildings, however, the exhibits are so 
numerous and varied that the floor plans and tables 
giving the locations of the different displays are in- 
cluded in the following pages. 



STANDARD OIL COMPANY'S BUILDING 




(35) 



6 P. M. the price of admission will be 50 cents for adults and 25 cents for 
children under 12 years of age. At 6 P. M. , when the main buildings be- 
come closed to the public, the general admittance fee becomes 25 cents for 
adults and 10 cents for children under 12 years of age, the same rates pre- 
vailing on Sunday. In all cases children under six are admitted free of 
charge. 

PRESS BUREAU 

The bureau for furnishing complete information to newspaper men from 
other sections is situated in the Administration Building. This is in close touch 
with the telegraph offices and the Division of Publicity of the Exposition. 

REGISTRATION 

Guests will register in the Information Bureau in the Varied Industries 
Building and (downtown) at the Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Horticulture 

Only in San Diego, where the wonderful climate of Southern California 
reaches perfection, could exist out-of-doors the remarkable variety of plant 
life found at the Exposition Beautiful. From the height of the mesa on which 
the Exposition buildings stand to the depth of the deepest canyon, the ground 
is covered with a thick growth of foliage, from the tropical palm to the hardy 
pine, from the bright-blooming flowers of the equator to the sturdy plants 
\\ hich thrive in the country of snow and ice. 

As the visitor approaches the Exposition grounds over the Puente CabriUo, 
he can look down into the canyon 135 feet below and see spreading bushes 
and lofty trees, through the foliage of which peer the crimson poinsettia, the 
tecoma, and the glorious gold of the California poppy. Southward over the 
parapet of the bridge and down the winding walls of the canyon, lie San Diego 
and the Harbor of the Sun. Northward, across fertile valleys, are the snow- 
topped mountains. Everywhere, is the thick foliage. 

Along the border of the bridge, are groves of Italian and Monterey cyp- 
ress, beyond which is a patch of acacia of different varieties. Further still, are 
some of the 200 varieties of eucalyptus, the red gum and the blue gum, and 
the ficifolia with its flash of crimson. 

Of course, there are the palms, from the thick bodied phoenix to the 
stately tall ones of the cocos plumosa variety. Scattered everywhere are in- 
numerable kinds of bright colored flowers, their brilliant shadings flashing 
through the green of the heavier growths. 

As the visitor enters the great gateway and passes through the Plaza de 
California onto the Prado, another array of beautiful foliage presents itself. A 
double row of black acacia trees standing upon thick green lawns border the 
Prado, along which stretches a hedge of coprosma, its shining green leaves 
flecked with the bright red of the poinsettia. Clambering over the arches of 
the arcades and ascending to the cornices of the Exposition buildings, rises the 
bougainvillea thick with little red blossoms. 

Other reds, among them the canna and the gladiolus, complete the picture 
until Plaza de Panama is reached. Here the red is lost and the glorious purple 
of another variety of bougainvillea commands the eye. Lawns still surround the 
asphalted pavements ; and in the great open space at the lower end of the 

(36) 



Plaza, lies a floral rug upon which, at various seasons of the year, new blos- 
soms appear in quick succession. Winding from the Plaza along the edge of 
La Canada de las Palmes and Los Jardines de Montezuma, is a quiet calcada. 

Leaving the Plaza de Panama, the visitor turns southward along La Via 
de los Estados, along which are more shrubs and flowers, especially the Chero- 
kee rose and the tecoma. Above the edge of the canyon on the right, climb 
the giant nasturtium and the geranium. After following the circle of La Via 
past the Marine Camp, one returns again to the Plaza de Panama and continues 
further along the Prado between other masses of the brick-red bougainvillea. 

Just beyond the Home Economy Building to the north of the Prado, lie 
La Laguna de las Flores and the Botanical Building, where is found the most 
remarkable floral work on the Exposition grounds and one of the most extra- 
ordinary collections in the world. About La Laguna, stand auricaria, black 
acacia, eucalyptus, grevillea, and camphor trees, all of which, together with 
the surrounding buildings, are beautifully reflected in the mirrored pool. 

Within the Botanical Building, which is one of the largest lath-covered 
structures in existence, is a rare collection of tropical and semi-tropical plants. 
Growing in thick profusion, are the palm and bamboo, varieties of banana 
trees, the aralia, and many other plants found in Central and South American 
jungles. Above an open pool filled with lilies, drops from the ceiling a heavy 
growth of vitis, one of the air plants, while sweeping fronds of tropical ferns 
border the water. The ground itself is covered almost entirely by isolepsis. 

Among the rare growths from the tropics, are the insect-eating pitcher 
plant and the tree fern. Scores of trees and shrubs which, when grown oc- 
casionally in northern conservatories, remain stunted, are found in magnificent 
splendor throughout the building just as they grow out-of-doors in San Diego 
the year around. 

Behind the Botanical Building and surrounding the artistic oriental pavi- 
lion erected by Japan and Formosa, is a Japanese garden filled with rare 
plants. These plants from the Far East, among which the Japanese cedar and 
wistaria are especially noticeable, form one of the most remarkable pictures on 
the Exposition grounds. 

From the Japanese garden, it is just a step to the Alameda, bordering 
which lies the citrus orchard, containing oranges, lemons, grape fruit, tanger- 
ines, kumquats, and a number of hybrids of various citrus graftings. All the 
trees are blooming and bearing just as they do in the rich orchards of Southern 
California. On the model farm across from the citrus orchard, are growing 
the fig, date, apricot, olive, and alligator pear. 

Only a few feet further down the Alameda, is Sir Thomas Lipton's tea 
plantation, imported from Ceylon and the first in the United States. There 
are 200 young tea saplings growing and bearing commercial tea leaves, which 
are served as tea at the pavilion in the center of the garden. 

Returning along the Alameda to the Calk Cristobal, and thence by the 
Prado to the south gate, the visitor finds the pepper grove, another unique 
feature of San Diego's unique Exposition. Except for the emergency hospi- 
tal, there are no buildings at all in the grove, which is just a quiet, beautiful 
retreat where one can rest within view of the blue Pacific. The lawns of the 
grove are clover and blue grass and lippea. 

A full list of Exposition flora is at the back of the book. 



Architecture 



Probably no single feature of California outside the majestic natural wond- 
ers of the state has attracted more attention than the old Spanish missions which 

(37) 



stretch from San Diego de Alcala to San Francisco de Solano. Despite the 
fact that the spirit of this architecture, so in harmony with the California land- 
scape, is closely associated with the rare old Spanish traditions of the state, 
there was, until the building of the Panama-California Exposition, a singular 
neglect of the Spanish-Colonial type. 

When the time came to design buildings for the Exposition Beautiful, it 
was realized, of course, that the Greek or Roman type followed by past fairs 
could be easily adapted to the great mesa on which the Exposition was to be 
built; but it was realized also, fortunately, that a new city of Old Spain not 
only would be in closer harmony with the beauties of Southern California but 
also would be a distinct step forward in American architecture. Architects 
who have visited the grounds are enthusiastic over the genuine renaissance of 
the glories of Spanish art and architecture which they feel will follow the San 
Dieao Exposition. Thev are confident that one of the greatest aesthetic ac- 
complishments of the Exposition will be the bringing to the world in general 
and to Xorth America in particular, a realization of the beauties of the Spanish 
architecture, which now, recreated, will take on new strength to last for many 
years to come. 

Crossing the quarter-mile Puente Cabrillo, the visitor finds himself facing 
the massive gateway which marks the main entrance to the Exposition grounds 
It is not a new gateway, but, softened by the sand blast and chipped here and 
there to bring about the appearance of antiquity, it is just such a portal as might 
have stood at the entrance of a city in Old Spain, centuries ago. Inside the 
gateway, the bustle of a twentieth century tidewater city is heard no longer 
It is as though one stood on a magic carpet, wished himself on the shores of 
Spain three centuries ago, and found the wish fulfilled. 

On the left side of the Plaza de California, which is just inside the gate 
way stands an impressive cathedral copied in man} essential details from the 
magnificent structure at Oaxaca, Mexico. Opposite the cathedral is a plain 
old^mission of the California type. Here appears at once one of the extraor- 
dinary features of Spanish-Colonial architecture. The elaborate cathedral and 
the somber mission face each other squarely, but there is no discord. 1 his 
probably is true of no other style of architecture. 

Passing from the Plaza de California to the Prado, the visitor walks 
between long rows of black acacia trees just back of which are thick hedges of 
poinsettia. Just beyond the hedges rise the succession of Spanish arches which 
line the arcades stretching from one end of the Prado to the other. Here is 
another mission of the California type, and near it stands a municipal building 
of the kind seen today in every Spanish-American city. Here is a rural resi- 
dence and there an urban palace. At the eastern end of the Prado stands the 
Commerce and Industries Building, its colored cornices introducing a distinctly 
Moorish feature. 

On La Via de los Estados, is the New Mexico State Building, a type of the 
earliest Spanish-American mission, quite as much Indian as it is Spanish. There 
is nothino- ornate about this structure. The plain straight lines without even 
the curved arches, the weather-beaten beams protruding from the outside walls, 
the hardy substantial beauty of the whole structure makes it one of the most 
attractive on the Exposition grounds. 

There are openings in the long arcades which lead to quiet patios whose 
silence is broken only by the murmur of fountains. There are rose-covered 
gateways leading into pergolas which dot the broad lawns adjoining the build- 
ings and stretching back to the brink of the canyons. There are odd exedras 

(38) 



in the botonical gardens. There are stone balconies overlooking gulches 
planted with a wide variety of tropical and semi-tropical plants. All gardens, 
gateways, and buildings, are Spanish-Colonial; and yet there is variety enough 
to lend fresh charm to every view. 

Nothing connected with past fairs has been so depressing as the destruc- 
tion of the buildings after the exposition was over. This will not be the 
case when, on January 1, 1916, the Panama-California Exposition is closed, 
for all the structures except the concession buildings along the Isthmus have 
been built to stay. In the great west quadrangle, for example, all the structures 
are built entirely of steel and concrete and will be used in decades to come 
for housing the museum exhibits which have been donated the Exposition. 

In the Botanical Building, where is assembled a wealth of rare flowers, 
steel and concrete also are used. The Administration Building, the fire sta- 
tion, the hospital, and the other service buildings are for permanent use; and 
the great music pavilion at the lower end of the Plaza de Panama is of the same 
steel and concrete construction and will become the property of the city after 
the Exposition company is dissolved. 

All the other Exposition buildings are of staff and plaster placed on a firm 
backing of metal lath. In the climate of this particular part of Southern Cali- 
fornia, where frosts, sudden changes of temperature, and heavy gales are un- 
known, these structures will last thirty years. 

Built of reinforced concrete on the cantilever unit theory, the great Puente 
Cabrillo, erected at the cost of $250,000, also, of course, is permanent, and is 
the first of its kind to be constructed on so large a scale. The bridge has at- 
tracted the attention of railway engineers, who find in it a solution of the 
problem of spanning streams which are seasonably turbulent. With the canti- 
lever unit, if one pier is carried away, the rest remains intact, making it possible 
to lay temporary tracks across the gap. 

With the exception of the west quadrangle, the Exposition was designed 
and built by Frank P. Allen, Jr. , director of works. 

Concessions On The Isthmus 

West Side going North: Alhambra Cafeteria; Sea Weed and Kelp 
Novelties; News Stand and Kelp Goods; Kelly Game; Imperial Art Gal- 
lery; Peanut Concession; Exposition Motor Chairs; Neptune's Wonderland; 
Palais de Danse; Horse Race Concession; Doll Pavilion; Hawaiian Vil- 
lage; Temple of Mirth; Cider Mill; Carrousel; Candy Factory; Racing 
Coaster; Circling Wave; Shooting Gallery; Observation Wheel; Panama 
Canal Extravaganza; Forty-Nine Camp; Captive Balloon; Aeroplane Con- 
cession; Painted Desert. 

East Side, going North: War of the Worlds; Imperial Concessions; 
Ice Cream; White House Cafe; Skee Ball; Base Ball Game; Cawston Os- 
trich; Spanish Restaurant; Chop Suey House; Japanese Streets of Joy; Ger- 
man Rotisseria; Gem Mine; California Missions; Panama Film Company; 
Peanut and Popcorn Pavilion; Wild West Show; Joy Wheel; Chinatown; 
Chinese Restaurant; Chinese Theatre; Post Card Building; Orange Juice; 
Cane Pavilion; Motordrome; German Rotisseria; Chocolate Drop and Sun- 
beam Concessions; Dairy Building; Climbing the Yelps; Dancing Girls. 

Couden's Merchandise Games and cider, peanuts, candy, popcorn and 
ice cream stands are scattered all over the Isthmus. 

(39) 




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(49) 




EXHIBIT PLAN 

FOF.ilGN ARTS 

BUILDING 



THE SAN DIEGO EXPOSITION 

1915 PANAMA -CALIFORNIA EXPOS1TJON 19J5 



EXHIBIT FLAN 

FOREIGN ARTS 

BUILDING 



(50) 



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(51) 



Located at Second and Broadway is 
the magnificient Spreckels Theatre 
given to the people of San Diego by 
the city's foremost citizen, John D. 
Spreckels. 

The Theatre, one of the finest in the 
United States, both in artistic finish, 
equipment and size, was erected at a 
cost of half a million dollars three 
years ago. Its stage will accommo- 
date the largest of road shows. In 
fact, it would almost be possible to 
stage a Hippodrome show on the com- 
modious stage. 

Being in a most advantageous posi- 
tion, San Diego gets all the best road 
plays and the Theatre is seldom dark. 
During Exposition year bookings have 
been made for nearly every day 
throughout the twelve months. 

The Spreckels Theatre is one of the 
show places of the city in which resi- 
dents of the city take great pride. It 
is one of the places visitors are always 
taken. 

J. M. Dodge and Harry Hayward are 
lessees and managers of the Theatre 
and have been since it was opened for 
the first time three years ago. 



The Hadden Lawn Sprinkling Sys- 
tem is used exclusively on the 
grounds at the Panama-Cali- 
fornia Exposition, San Diego, 
California, 1915. 

HADDEN AUTOMATIC 
SPRINKLER COMPANY 

834 Title Insurance Bldg. Los Angeles 

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS 

Overhead and Underground Sprinkling Systems 



Banking 
Service 



Finds its highest attain- 
ment in the facilities of 
a modern, departmental 
bank, for the reason 
that your every banking 
need is anticipated and 
can be cared for. 

The 
Service 
Of This 
Institution 

combines all the features of 
a modern 

SAVINGS BANK 

COMMERCIAL BANK 

and TRUST CO. 

under one roof, under one 
management --- conservative, 
yet thoroughly progressive. 

Your account is invited. 

Southern Trust and 
Savings Bank 

U. S. GRANT HOTEL BUILDING 
G. A. Davidson, President 



(52) 



The real, easy, clas- 
sy, comfortable, luxur- 
ious w a y to see and 
thoroughly enjoy the 
Exposition is in an Os- 
born Electriquette, 
which supplants the an- 
tiquated push-chair and 
jinrikisha. The only 
passenger conveyance 
permitted on the 
grounds. 

The simplicity of 
operation renders ex- 
perience unnecessary. 
A child can drive it. It' s 
great fun. 
Stations at each entrance gate, all prominent points, and Neptune's 
Wonderland" on the "Isthmus." 

EXPOSITION MOTOR CHAIR COMPANY, 

San Diego Exposition 




Neptune's Wonderland 



On the Isthmus 



This is one of the most interesting and instructive collections of sea life ever 
shown at any exposition. Here are rare, known and unknown denizens of the 
deep. The Octupus or Devil Fish, that so many have read of, hut which is 
seldom seen in captivity, will be one of the attractions. Another rarity is a 
fur bearing animal which so far remains unclassified, it being the only known 
specimen of its kind in existence. It resembles the seal but has no fins and is 
as active on land as in water. 

Among other rare and interesting specimens, the Stingree, the Sand and 
Horn Sharks, Red Fish, Ink or Sea Rabbit Fish, so named on account of its 
resemblance to a rabbit and the dark ink fluid it throws out when approached 
or touched. Pacific Crab Lobster; Ribbon Fish; Abalone, a beautiful shell fish; 
Sea Cucumbers; Sea Lettuce; Key-Hole Limpet; Star Fish; the Sculpin, a 
deadly poisonous fish if one is pricked with one of its many needle-like stickers; 
curious Shark Eggs; there are many other rarities too numerous to mention. 

Admission Only 10 cents 

(53) 



M*MfiHl 







&*-&y 



$* 



FEEDING THE PIGEONS ON THE PLAZA 




West Coast Distillate Engines 

Especially designed to burn cheap 
California Distillates and "Tops." Its 
durability, simplicity, and low fuel con- 
sumption reduces the cost of opera- 
tion to a minimum. Made in sizes, 
3-H.P. to 60-H.P. 

See exhibit in Varied Industries Bldg. 
Manufactured By 

West Goast Gas Engine Co. 

Successors to 
Sterne Bros. Co. 

Union & Market Sts. San Diego, Cal. 



This space is reserved to recom- 
mend for your patronage 



THE 20th CENTURY PRESS 
PRINTERS 

134 F STREET SAN DIEGO 



They have a modern commercial 
and publication shop and produce 
the grade of printing which makes 
their imprint a guarantee of qual- 
ity. 



PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL VIEWS 
COMPANY 

PRINTED BY 20th CENTURY PRESS 
ENGRAVING AND ART WORK BY 
PACIFIC PHOTO ENGRAVING CO. 

SAN DIEGO, CAL. 

All photographs contained in this 
Guide Book are Copyrighted 1914 by 
Panama-California Exposition ^ <4 



(54) 



THE EXPOSITION FLORA 

Paul G. Thiene, Superintendent of Planting. 

A briefly described list of the most noticeable cultivated plant life in and about 
the Exposition Grounds. Technical terms have been avoided and words as simple 
as possible have been used. Where the flowering- season is mentioned it is only ap- 
proximate, as an early or late spring - changes the time often as much as two weeks. 

The list is grouped under three sections: Trees and Shrubs, Vines and Climbers, 
Herbaceous and Miscellaneous: 

TREES AND SHRUBS 

Abelia rupestris — China and Mexico — Shrub — Very free flowering, rather drooping, 
leaves small, opposite, glossy, metallic bronze in color. Flowers fragrant, small, 
numerous, pink, glossy. About % in. long. One of the hardiest and most free 
flowering of the Abelias. June to November. 

Abutilon megapotamicum — Trop. Amer. — "Flowering Maple Shrub." — Drooping habit, 
leaves rather small, lance shaped, sharply serrated, not lobed. Flowers bell- 
shaped, 2 to 3 inches long on short drooping stalks. The long calyx bright red, 
the protruding petals lemon yellow; stamens conspicuously protruding. Used for 
windows, baskets, etc. 

Abutilon Savitzii — "Flowering Maple Shrub" — One of the dwarf hybrid varieties 
Leaves small, maple-like, margined white. Used for bedding. 

Acacia armata — "Kangaroo Thorn" — Australia — 6-10 ft. — Shrub with undivided leaves 
and small thorns. Leaves 1 in. or less in length, % in. wide, with a short sharp 
point. Flowers yellow, in solitary heads all along the branches. Good hedge plant. 

Acacia Baileyana — Australia — Tree. — Grows rapidly to about 30 feet in height. Leaves 
grayish green, glaucous, feathery and finely divided. Flowers profuse and very 
early. Golden yellow. 

Acacia cultriformis — N. S. Wales — Tall Shrub, 10 ft. — Foliage willowy, leaves nearly 
triangular, dagger-pointed, small, undivided. Flowers profuse in clusters, all along 
the branches. Deep yellow. 

Acacia cyanophylla — "Blue-leaved Wattle" — Australia — Small tree with drooping 
branches. Leaves very long, often 1 foot, about 1V 2 inches wide, sea green, almost 
blue in color. Flowers, yellow in large globular heads. 

Acacia dealbata — "Silver Wattle" — Australia — Large, round-headed tree, makes rapid 
growth. Leaves feathery, very finely divided. Flowers yellow, profuse, cover- 
ing entire tree. Foliage glaucous, young branches covered with white velvety 
down. 

Acacia decurrens — "Black Wattle" — Australia — Large tree of rapid growth, broad, 
round head. Leaves feather shaped, dark green. Flowers whitish yellow. 
Blooms nearly all the year. 

Acacia fioribunda (A. neriifolia) — Victoria — Tall, quick growing tree. Long, slender, 
light green leaves. Flowers yellow, in short clusters, very fragrant. Blooms 
nearly all summer. 

Acacia latifolia (or A. longifolia) — Australia — Tree — Rapid growing, 50 ft. Leaves 
undivided, long and broad, tapering at both ends. Flowers yellow, in short 
spikes, borne all along the branches. February to March. 

Acacia lophantha (Syn. Albizzia lophantha) — Australia — Tree 30 ft. — Very spreading, 
small tree. Leaves large, much divided. Flowers greenish yellow, in small spikes. 
Exceedingly rapid grower. 

Acacia melanoxylon — "Australian Blackwood Tree" — Australia — Erect, pyramidal, 
forming well shaped head. Flowers very light yellow, in heads. Leaves large and 
oblong. Much used for street planting. Peculiar characteristic is that it has, 
when young, both "blade" and "feather" leaves. 

Acacia mollissima — "Green Wattle" — Van Dieman's Land — Tree 40 ft. — Large, round- 
headed, rapid grower. Leaves feathery, very finely divided. Flowers clear yel- 
low, fragrant, covering entire tree. Foliage clear green, and bark on young 
branches green, but the young shoots yellow. 

Acacia pycnantha — "Golden Wattle" — Victoria — Small, round-headed tree with 
large, undivided thick leaves, green and waxy. Flowers in clusters, very large, 
golden yellow, fragrant. Medicinally, the bark of this tree is used in a tincture, 
used as a healing wash, and also internally. February to March. 

Acacia saligna — New Holland — Small tree — Grows 8-10 ft. high, leaves 9-10 inches 
long, lance-shaped, narrowing at both ends, glaucus and scattered on the branch. 
Flowers yellow, large, in small clusters. 

Acacia verticillata— New Holland— Small tree, 10 ft.— Very different from most other 
species. Leaves dark green, rigid, sharp, V 2 to % in. long, slightly resembling 
those of some pines. Flowers deep yellow. Grows very bushy and spreading. 
March. . ,'..., 

Acokanthera spectabilis— Natal— Shrub 4-6 ft.— Poisonous, trim, erect, sub-tropical 
shrub, of columnar habit. Leaves opposite or alternate, thick and leathery, 3 
or 4 in. long, verv acute, short stalked, not serrated shining above, green, shad- 
ing to copper color. Flowers numerous, very fragrant, pinkish white, tubular, 
about 1 inch long. Fruit berry-like, nearly black, size of plum. April. 

Alligator Pear— See Persea gratissima. 

Aralia papyrifera, "Formosa-Rice tree" — (Fatsi papynfera) — Shrub — Leave large, 
8-12 inches long, 5 or 7 lobed, clothed, together with the stems, with a sort of 
down, but finally glabrous. Stem branching above. Flowers greenish white, in 
drooping panicles; sometimes 2 to 3 ft. long. 
Aralia Seeboldi, Aralia Japonica— See Fatsia Japonica. 

Araucaria bidwilli "Bunya-bunya Pine"— Moreton Bay— Tree 150 feet— Coniferous 
evergreen; large, and when mature, very symmetrical. Leaves are flat, very sharp 
pointed, thick, dark glossy green. Said to be one of the finest and most sym- 
metrical evergreens in cultivation. Is generally planted solitary, as a specimen. 

(55) 



Araucaria excelsa, "Norfolk Island Pine" — Norfolk Island — Tree 200 feet — Symmetri- 
cal evergreen, of curious habit. Branches grow in tiers, between which the trunk 
is absolutely bare. Leaves curved and sharp pointed. "Piney" in appearance. 
One of the best. 

Areca sapida — See Rhopalostylis Sapida. 

Attalea cohune — Honduras — 40-50 feet — Spineless palm; leaves arising- almost per- 
pendicularly and the upper part arched. Leaves dark green, divided like a 
feather. Fruit broadly eggshaped, about 3 in. long, used for soapmaking and 
exported from Honduras for this purpose. 

Aucuba Japonica and varieties — Japan and Himalaya — Shrub 4 to 15 ft. high — Leaves 
usually ovate 3 to 8 inches long. Remotely and coarsely toothed, pointed and 
glossy surface. Berries scarlet, usually oblong, in crowded clusters. 

Aucuba maculata mascula — Japan — Shrub 4 to 15 ft. high — Leaves 3 to 5 inches long, 
coarsely toothed on upper half, irregularly spotted and blotched yellow. 

Avocado — See Persea gratissima. 

Bauhinia gradiflora (Mountain Ebony) — Andes — Tree 15-20 ft. — Large flowering spe- 
cies, tall and fast-growing. Leaves yellowish green, two lobed, shiny, of medium 
size. Flowers pure white, very large, expanding in the night; solitary at tips of 
the branches. Flowers resemble butterflies in appearance. 

Berberis Darwinii — So. Chile — Shrub 2 ft. — Small shrub, with brown branches, some- 
what downy when young. Leaves V z inch to 1 inch in length, sharply toothed, 
similar to holly, glossy dark green above. Flowers in pendulous clusters, orange 
yellow in color. Berries dark purple. June to April. 

Buddleia Madagascariensis — Madagascar — Shrub 6-12 ft. — Rank growing, sub-tropical 
shrub. Leaves dark green above silvery gray beneath. Branchlets gray and 
woolly, leaves somewhat the same beneath. Flowers in terminal panicles with a 
decided honey-like odor, yellowish in color, and also gray and woolly outside. 

Buddleia Lindleyana — China — Shrub 3 to 6 ft.- — Leaves ovate or somewhat lance- 
shaped, pointed, slightly toothed, pale green beneath, 2 to 4 inches long. Flow- 
ers small in rather long 3 inch to 5 inch dense clusters, purplish violet. 

Buddleia variabilis — China — Shrub 8 to 10 ft. — Handsome species of rapid growth. 
Leaves strap-shaped, sivery and downy beneath; rough, coarsely serrated, 4 to 
10 in. long. Flowers in long spikes, at the ends of the branches, lilac with yellow 
mouth. Fairly hardy. 

Buxus sempervirens — Orient — "Common Box Tree" — Shrub or small tree to 25 ft., 
young branchlets quadrangular. Leaves oval, oblong, or merely oval; half to one 
and one-half incles long, leathery and glossy. Flowers in auxiliary clusters. 

Callistemon lanceolatus — Australia — "Bottle Brush" — Grows to about 8 ft. in height 
in California. Branches erect or spreading. Leaves lance-shaped 1*4 to 2% 
inches long, by V± inch wide; sharp-pointed; midrib prominent. Flower spikes 
2 inches to 4 inches long, bright red, sometimes varying to a paler shade. Re- 
quires considerable pruning to keep it bushy. 

Callistemon rigidus (Syn. C. linearifolius) — Australia — "Bottle brush" — Stiffly branched 
shrub, with rather long branches. Leaves quite narrow, about y 8 inch; rigid and 
sharp-pointed, 2 to 5 inches long, numerous oil dots. Flowers in bottle brush- 
like spikes of deep red. The woody fruit remaining in compact cylindrical clus- 
ters for several years. 

Callistemon speciosus — Australia — "Bottle brush" — Graceful tree or large shrub, with 
drooping branchlets. Leaves narrow, lance-shaped, 1% to 4 inches long, *4 inch 
wide, midrib prominent. Flowers very bright red, in large clusters. This is the 
most highly colored of the Callistemons. Does well with but little care. 

Calluna vulgaris — See Erica vulgaris. 

Camphora, officinalis — Japan — "Camphor tree" — Tree 40 ft. — Very summetrical ever- 
green of moderate growth. Leaves pointed, glossy green, strongly scented with 
camphor. Camphor gum of commerce is obtained from this tree. Useful for 
avenue planting. 

Cantua buxifolia — Peru — Shrub, 4 to 8 ft. — Much branched; branches somewhat downy. 
Leaves very variable, sharp-pointed, narrow, Vi to % in. long. Flowers in ter- 
minal clusters of from 3 to 5, funnel shaped, 2 inches long, corolla tube orange 
red, generally streaked, petals shading from pale to deep rose inside, clear rose 
outside. Very free flowering and showy. Equally as hardy in S. Cal. as Fuchsia. 

Fig. February. 

Carissa grand iflora — So. Africa — "Natal Plum," Spiny shrub — Tropical or sub-tropical 
shrub. Leaves varying shades of green, mostly dark. Somewhat leathery in tex- 
ture; oval. Flowers large, white solitary, on the ends of the branches; fragrant, 
twisted to the right. Fruit red, size of a cherry, and edible. 

Carumbium populifolium (Syn. Homalanthus Leschenaultianus) — Australia — Poinsettia 
family — Shrub, with copper colored foliage, and milky juice. Leaves, broadly 
ovate triangular, 2 to 6 inches long with stalks reddish of same length. Flower 
clusters rather insignificant, 1 to 4 inches long. April 15. 

Cassia artemisiodes — Australia — Tree-like shrub — Soft, grayish green and hoary all 
over. Leaves opposite, 3 to 5 pairs, needle-like. Flowers deep yellow, small, 
somewhat scattered. Stands drought. Dceember to April. 

Cassia tomentosa— Mexico— Shrub 4-8 ft.— Winter-blooming shrub, very irregular and 
crooked in habit, stems, leaves and branches somewhat woolly. Leaves in 6-8 
pairs, opposite, %-% inch wide, blunt at both ends, dark green above, light 
green beneath. Flowers yellow, med. size, 5-petaled. 

Casuarina equisetifolia— "Beef Wood"— Australia— Tree, 150 ft— Curious, rapid grow- 
ing tree. Branches drooping, pale green jointed, leafless. General habit likened 
to the feathers of the cassowary (casuarius) or the tail of a horse (hence the 
name equisetifolia). Redness of wood suggests the name Beefwood." Grows in 
alkaline and saline soils. . 

Casuarina stricta— "Beef Wood" or "She oak"— Australia— Rapid growing tree, 20-30 
ft branches erect, light green, jointed, leafless. Resembles equisetifolia (which 
see) although the branches are shorter, not so drooping, more decidedly green. 

(56) 



Cedrus Deodara — "Deodar Cedar" or "Fountain Tree" — Western Himalayas — Sacred 
cedar. Tall tree, pyramidal habit, 150 ft., leaves y 2 inch long, dark bluish green, 
rigid, as thick as broad. Cones 3% -5 inches long, reddish brown. Drooping 
somewhat, lower limbs lie on the ground. Good tree for California. Name of 
Fountain Tree suggested by drooping habit. 

Cedrus Atlantica — "Atlas Cedar" — Atlas mountains of Algeria — Large pyramidal tree, 
120 ft., leaves mostly less than 1 inch long; usually thicker than they are broad, 
rigid, sea-green. Cones 2-3 inches long, light brown. Hardiest species. 

Cedrus libani — Lebanon and Taurus in Syria — "Cedar of Lebanon" — Large tree, with 
wide spreading, horizontal branches, forming a broad head when older, leading 
shoot nodding. Leaves 1 in. or more, broader than thick, dark or bright green, 
sometimes bluish or silvery. Cones % in. long, brown. Resembles Atlantica, but 
grows more slowly and more compact. 

Ceratonia siliqua — St. Johns Bread — So. Europe — "Carob tree" — Tree of rapid growth 
40-50 ft. spreading branches. Leaves are large, leathery, glossy, dark green. 
Flowers are petalless, pods are filled with a pulpy substance, which is edible both 
for man and for stock. Is evergreen, grown for ornamental purposes, as 
well as for the pods. Supposed to have supplied St. John with food while in the 
wilderness, the seeds and pulps being respectively the "locusts and wild honey." 
The dry pods are supposed to have been the dry husks of the "prodigal son." The 
seeds of this tree are also said to have been the original carat weight of the 
jewelers. 

Cestrum elegans (Syn. Hebrothamus elegans) — Mexico — Shrub — Tall, slender, semi- 
climbing, branches clothed with a purplish red down. Leaves egg-shaped, medium 
size, also slightly clothed with the purplish red down beneath. Flowers purplish 
red (same shade as the down) in loose clusters at ends of branches. Blooms al- 
most continuously. 

Cestrum nocturnum — "Night Jasmine" — Jamaica — Shrub 6-9 ft. — Growth moderate. 
Branches brownish, very slender and flexible. Leaves very thin, elliptical, sharp 
pointed, medium shade of green. Flowers creamy yellow, very fragrant at night. 

March. 

Chamerops humilis — "Dwarf Fan Palm," "European Palm" — "Vegetable Horsehair" — 
Dwarf, hardy, very slow grower. Leaves small, with spiny stalks. Good for tub 
culture and for small spaces. 

Choisya ternata — "Mexican Mock orange" — Mexico — Shrub 4-8 ft. — Compact, free 
blooming shrub; leaves light green, divided into 3 leaflets, fragrant when crushed. 
Flowers profuse, small white in clusters, very fragrant. March 1. 

Chrysanthemum frutescens — "Marquerite or Paris Daisy" — Common marguerite, wide- 
ly used for hedge and border purposes, etc. This species has medium dark green 
leaves, not so much of a sea green color as C. anethefolium, and is better for cut 
flowrs than the latter. 

Cistus monspeliensis — "Rock Rose" — So. Europe — Shrub 4 to 5 ft. — Free flowering; 
leaves small, rough grayish green, stemless, covered with small hairs on both 
sides. Flowers white, medium sized — resembling a single rose. 

Cocos Weddel liana — Tropical Brazil — A slender, graceful pinnate leaved palm. Leaves 
about 3 in. long, leaf stem about 8 to 20 ft., segments are equidistant and weak 
so that they droop. One of the most important of small ornamental palms. 

Cocos plumosa — Central Brazil — A popular avenue palm ultimately about 40 to 50 ft. 
high, 10 to 12 in. thick, ringed at intervals of about a foot. Leaves erect-spreading, 
12 to 15 ft. long, the segments linear, flaccid rather sparse, mostly in groups of 
2 to 4, plumelike and graceful. 

Cocos Yatay — Brazil — A pinnate leaved palm of bluish color. Stem 12 to 15 ft. high, 
over 1 ft. in diameter. Leaves strongly recurved, 6 to 9 ft., fibrous sheath, the 
leaf stem fibrous toothed. 

Coprosma baueriana — New Zealand — Shrub — Of low growing habit, or can be trained 
up as a low climber. Leaves are rounded, dark green, exceedingly glossy, pre- 
sents the appearance of being varnished. Dust will not adhere to them. Flowers 
inconspicuous followed by bright yellow berries. 

Corypha australis — See Livistona australis. 

Cotoneaster angustifolia — "Rose Box Shrub" — China — Low growing shrub, sometimes 
spiny; leaves narrow, variable in size; somewhat hairy beneath, dark green above. 
Flowers small, clustered, followed by bright orange yellow berries. 

Cotoneaster microphylla — Himalayas — Low, prostrate shrub, densely branched. Leaves 
very small, y 2 in. or less, wedge shaped, ends broader than the base, dark green 
and glossy above, lighter and duller beneath. Flowers white. Berries bright red. 
Suitable for rockeries. May. 

Cotoneaster pannosa — China — Shrub about 3 ft. high. Leaves mostly elliptic, white 
beneath dark green above. Rather more drooping - , and graceful than some other 
Cotoneasters. April 15. 

Crataegus crenulata — Asia (Cotoneaster crenulata) (Pyracantha crenulata) — Very 
similar to C. pyracantha, leaves narrower, more leathery, bright green and glossy 
above, y 2 in. long. Berries bright orange-red. May. 

Crataegus pyracantha — "Hawthorn" — Italy to W. Asia — "Evergreen Thorn," "Fire 
Thorn" — Shrub or small tree, sometimes 25 ft.; leaves broadly oval, small. Flow- 
ers white, in large clusters, followed by a profusion of orange-red berries. Shrub 
is upright growth and thorny, the thorns bearing leaves. April to May. 

Cryptomeria Japonica elegans — Japan — "Japan cedar" — Low, dense tree, with hori- 
zontal branchlets, foliage fine and feathery, in summer bright green, changing to 
bronze; red in fall and winter. Very handsome when young, but rather short 
lived. 

Cupressus Arizonica — "Red Barked Cypress" — Arizona and California — "Arizona cy- 
press" — Branches horizontal, forming a narrow pyramidal or broad open head. 
Old bark think dark red or brown, separating into long shreds; that the of the 
younger twigs bright red under the irregular scales. Leaves pale green. Wood 
is soft, close grained, grayish with yellow streaks. Used locally for fuel, etc. 

(57) 



Cupressus funebris — "Funereal Cypress" — Northeast China — Erect tree, with wide 
spreading, somewhat pendulous branches. Foliage light green, very fine and 
graceful. Cones are short and about 1-3 in. in diameter. 
Cupressus macrocarpa — "Monterey cypress" — So. California — Tree 60 to 70 ft. — Well 
known, rapid growing native cypress. Forms a broad spreading pyramidal head 
with horizontal branches. Leaves % in. long, dark green, deciduous at the end of 
3 or 4 years. Cones clustered on short stems, elliptic, 1 to 1% in. long, 2-3 in. 
broad, 4 to 6 pairs of scales. Much used for hedges and windbreaks. Stands 
heavy trimming. Good in sandy soils. 
Cupressus sempervirens fastigiata — So. Europe, TV". Asia — "Italian cypress" — Tall, very 
slender, erect, tapering, conical. Branches lie close to the stem, giving a very 
symmetrical appearance. Used for lining drives and for formal landscaping of 
various sorts. 
Cycas revoiuta — "Sago Palm" — China — Tree 7 ft. — Small, slow-growing palm-like 
tree; the leaves, borne on a single central trunk. Leaves dark green, feather like, 
2 to 6 ft. long. Suitable both for lawn and conservatory decoration. 
Cydonia Japonica — "Jap. Quince" — Japan — Shrub 3 to 6 ft. — Deciduous, spiny shrub of 
spreading habit. Leaves oval, sharply serrate, glossy above, from iy 2 to 3 in. 
long. Flowers usually scarlet, although there are other varieties; borne in clusters 
of from 2 to 6, 2 in. in diameter, borne before the leaves. Suitable for hedges, 
etc. April. 

Cytisus Canadensis — "Broom" — Canary Islands — Shrub — Grows to about 6 ft. in height. 
Much branched; leaves and branches very downy, leaf -stems at least half as long 
as the leaflets. Flowers bright yellow and fragrant. April to June. 

Cytisus scoparius — "Scotch Broom" — Great Britain— "Common Broom" — Shrub 10 ft. 
with erect slender branches; dark green, ridged and almost leafless. Flowers 
yellow, pea-shaped. Has medicinal properties, but is poisonous in large doses. 
Cytisus scoparius Andreanus — "Scotch Broom" — Great Britain — Shrub, 10 ft. with 
erect slender branches; dark green, ridged and almost leafless. Flowers yellow, 
with dark crimson wings. 
Datura Arborea — "Angels Trumpet" (Brugmansia arborea) — Peru and Chile — Small 
tree, 10 ft. Leaves rather large, elliptical, not cut; grayish green, clothed with 
powdery down. Stem herbaceous. Flowers white, 7 to 8 in. long, funnel-shaped, 
fragrant. Almost everblooming. 
Diosma ericoides — Breath of Heaven — South Africa — -Small, tender, well-known shrub. 
Foliage fine, heath-like, has an aromatic fragrance, especially if the leaves are 
crushed. Flowers white, very small, star-shaped, profuse. "Diosma" is from the 
Greek word for divine odor. February. 

Dombeya natalensis — Natal — Very rapid growing shrub or small tree; foliage poplar- 
like, leaves 5 to 6 in. in diameter; palmately lobed, rather heavily veined. Flowers 
white, sweet scented, about 1 in. in diameter. October. 

Dracaema cannaefolia — (Cordyline cannaefolia)— Tree like shrub with graceful re- 
curved foliage. Leaves parallel veined, 1 to 2 ft. by 3 to 5 in. wide; somewhat 
oblong in shape, with long stems. Tips often split. Grown mostly for the foliage. 
Dracaena congesta — (syn. D. stricta) — Australia — A slender species, 6 to 12 ft. high. 
Leaves narrow and a foot or more long, not noticably narrowed to a stalk. Flow- 
ers in rather small clusters born above the foliage. 
Dracaena draco — "Dragon Tree," "Dragon's Blood" — Canary Islands — Tropical ap- 
pearing trees, often mistaken for palms, although belonging to the lily family. 
This species grows to a height of 6 it., trunk averaging 12 in. in diameter. Leaves 
very numerous, crowded, sword-shaped, sea-green in color. Flowers pyramidal 
in shape, greenish color. Berries orange. Derives its name of Dragon's blood 
from the red resinous exudation. Good for conservatory. 
Dracaena indivisa — (syn. Cordyline indivisa) — Tree 10 to 20 ft. — Leaves in a dense 
clump, long, narrow and gracefully recurved, at top of rough barked stem. The 
young plants are popularly used in decoration. 
Durante plumieri — South America — Shrub — Good sized shrub, stems somewhat spiny. 
Leaves light green, varying to a brownish tint, medium size, serrated, opposite. 
Flowers pale blue, followed by orange berries in profusion. Flowers in August. 
Echium candicans — Syn. E. fastuosum — Madeira — Bushy and branching, foliage green 
but downy. Branches thick, leafy at the tips. Leaves lance shaped, the upper 
ones crowded and smaller. Flowers pale blue in long spikes. 
Echium roseum— "Vipers Bugloss"— Similar to the other Echiums but with very long 

heavy spike of pink flowers. 
Echium simplex — Coarse woody herb— Leaves rather large, ovate, lance-shaped and 

in a basal cluster. Flowers white, numerous, in a long thick spike. 
Erica Mediterranea— "Mediterranean"— W. Europe— Shrub— Well known erect growing 
shrub with small, needle-like leaves, and covered with a mass of small rosy pur- 
ple bell- shaped flowers in winter. This is the bonnie purple heather of literature. 
Erythe'a armata— (Brahea armata) "Blue Palm"— Lower California— Fan leaved palm, 
rather slender trunk. Leaves very blue in color, with narrow deeply channelled 
stem, margined with numerous stout spines. 
Erythea edulis— (Brahea edulis) "Guadalupe Palm"— Guadalupe— Spineless, fan- 
leaved palm. The trunk becomes robust with thick corky bark. Leaf stems about 
1 in. wide piano convex, unarmed, blade about 3 ft. in diameter, segments 70 or 
80 and fibrous on the edges. 
Escallonia berteriana— Chile— Shrub— Of erect habit and medium rapid growth. 
Leaves variable in size, blunt at the tips, dark green in color, crowded on the 
branches, glossy. Flowers white, small, in very long, loose pyramidal clusters. 
Almost continuous bloomer. ,,..,., 

Escallonia organensis— Shrub 4 ft— Evergreen shrub, branches red, leaves elliptical, 
iy 2 in. to 2 in., crowded, serrated, glossy, gummy surface. Flowers pink in close 
terminal clusters. One of the best of the Escallonias. / ■ 

Escallonia rubra— South America— Shrub 3 to 6 ft— Erect, compact shrub with clean, 
glossy foliage. Leaves oval, sharply pointed, serrated, dark green, shining above, 
dull and with resinous dots beneath. Flowers dark red in short terminal clusters. 

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Escallonia virgata — South America — Shrub — Of erect habit, branches light brown, rod- 
like. Leaves dark green, glossy, crowded and nearly stemless, with blunt tips. 
Flowers white, small, in dense clusters on the ends of the branchlets. 

Eucalyptus amygdalina angustifolia — Australia — "Peppermint Tree" — In its native 
country said to be the tallest tree in the world, individual specimens attaining 
height of 400 ft. with a diameter of from 18 to 35 ft. Drooping habit, similar to 
willow, leaves generally narrow, equally green above and beneath, with pepper- 
ming like orod when crushed. Flowers small in compact clusters. Does best near 
coast and in moderate elevations in well watered mountainous regions. 'Will not 
stand dry heat. 

Eucalyptus citriodora — Lemon Scented Gum — Australia — Handsome, rapid growing, 
attaining height of 60-100 ft. in Southwest. Bark light colored, smooth, mottled 
with faint indentations where patches have fallen off. Leaves equally glossy, 
green on both sides, emitting an odor like Lemon Verbena when crushed. If not 
pruned, this species makes most of its flowers and foliage at the top of every 
straight trunk. Does not stand low temperatures. 

Eucalyptus cornuta — Australia — Tree — Large tree, otherwise similar to var. Lehman- 
ni. Timber hard, tough and elastic, said to be equal to that of the ordinary ash. 
Used for cart making. 

Eucalyptus cornuta var. Lehmanni — Australia — Shrubby Tree — Rather dwarf grow- 
ing, very spreading, foliage dense, low branching. Bark usually somewhat rough, 
reddish in color and flakes off in irregular sheets. Leaves lance shaped in adult 
trees, rather thin, equally green above and beneath. Flowers large and greenish 
yellow inconspicuous, compact clusters. Seed capsules are large, protruding like 
horns, whence name cornuta. Endures dry heat if irrigated, but does not stand 
much frost. 

Eucalyptus corynocalyx — "Sugar Gum" — Australia — Attains height of about 50-160 ft. 
Trunk straight with slight taper. Bark deep cream in color, branches darker, 
young twigs quite red. Leaves lance shaped (on adult trees) rather thick, glossy 
dark green above and a dull lighter green beneath. Profuse bloomer. Good 
drought resistant. Stands light frost, also fairly high temperature. Useful for 
fence posts and wagon wheels. 

Eucalyptus ficifolia — "Scarlet Flowering Gum" — Australia — 50 ft. — Handsome shade 
tree of symmetrical habit. Bark furrowed. Leaves broadly lance shaped, rather 
stiff and leathery, long stalked, dark green. Flowers crimson or scarlet, some- 
times varying to pink. Probably the best ornamental species. 

Eucalyptus globulus — Blue Gum — Australia — Makes a quite erect bue not always sym- 
metrical growth. Bark continually flaking off, leaves surface smooth, and green- 
ish gray in color. Earlier leaves broad, stemless, light bluish color, while in adult 
trees, sickle shaped, dark green. Flowers large, conspicuous, buds used for orna- 
mental work. Is the best known of all eucalypts. Grows in a great variety of 
climates. Said to be fastest growing tree in world. Very drought resistant. Valu- 
able for timber (substitute for hickory) and for oil. 

Eucalyptus leucoxylon — (Gr. for white wood) — Australia — So. Australian Blue Gum. 
Grows quite rapidly and attains a good size. Apt to be quite crooked unless given 
attention. Bark smooth and light colored. Wood white and straight grained. 
Foliage has a bluish cast, and is well distributed. Leaves broad, and stemless or 
short stemmed. Flowers grow in threes and abundantly, color varying from white 
to pink or reddish. One of the hardiest, standing both high and low temperatures. 
Has same uses as globulus and thrives where latter does not. 

Eucalyptus polyanthema — "Red Box" — Australia — Of medium size, not originally over 
1 ft. in diameter. Not a. rapid grower. Quite spreading in habit. Bark persis- 
tent, somewhat furrowed, of a grayish color. Leaves broadly egg-shaped, of an 
ashy or dull green hue on both sides. Flowers profuse and small in clusters. 
Thrives under a greater variety of climatic conditions than most species. Timber 
very hard, strong and durable. Useful for bee pasture, flowering when other 
sources of honey are limited. 

Eucalyptus pulverulenta — (Syn. E. Cordata) — Australia — Small tree, spreading 
branches. Leaves opposite, set close to stem and growing together at base, round, 
flattened at base, bluish green, rather crowded. 

Eucalyptus punctata — "Leather Jacket" — Australia — Medium height, more spreading 
than most Eucalypts. Bark rough, dark colored and flakes off somewhat. Leaves 
lance or sickle shaped and thin, under surface rather paler than the upper shiny 
one. Flowers above medium size in clusters of from 3 to 10 on rather stiff, flat- 
tened stalks. Does well on or near the coast, but not in the dry interior. Useful 
for fence posts, parts of wheels, ties, fuel, etc. 

Eucalyptus resinifera — "Red Mahogany" — Australia — Grows to about 100 ft. in height 
in native country. Is erect and symmetrical in habit. Bark dark reddish, fibrous, 
persistent, rather stringy. Wood is a rich red color resembling true mahogany, 
and is very heavy. Leaves slender and usually curved, somewhat leathery, rather 
paler beneath than above. Flowers about medium size in clusters of 4 to 10. 
Does well in coast region, but not in dry interior. Does not stand extremes of 
temperature. Useful for furniture work. 

Eucalyptus robusta — "Swamp Mahogany" — Australia — Grows about 50 ft. in height, 
with a diameter of 1 ft. (in southwest). Bark rusty gray in color, persistent, fur- 
rowed. Leaves large and leathery, sometimes 6 in. long, and 2 in. wide, dark 
green above, and paler beneath. Flowers cream colored, large and profuse in 
clusters of 3 to 10 on stout flattened stems. Does well in coast region, but not in 
dry interior. 

Eucalyptus rostrata — "Red Gum" — Australia — Fairly rapid grower, generally above 
medium size. Habit variable, sometimes erect and symmetrical, sometimes ir- 
regular. Foliage varies from livid green to yellowsh or reddish in color. Bark 
smooth and reddish or ashy gray in younger trees, rough in older ones. Flowers 
cream white, small on slender stems in clusters of from 3 to 12. Leaves narrowly 
sickle shaped. Stands much heat, severe frost and drought. 

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Eucalyptus sideroxylon — "Red Tronbark" — Australia — Grows into a medium or large 
tree. Erect, with even trunk. Bark hardest and darkest of the Ironbarks. Color 
dark red or brown, furrowed and cracked. Leaves are narrowly lance shaped, 
often curved, somewhat silvery. Flowers medium size, in clusters of 3 to 8, light 
pink to scarlet in color. Good for dry soils, but does not stand extreme heat very 
well. Timber useful for a variety of purposes. 

Eucalyptus tereticornis — "Forest Red Gum" — Australia — Makes large tree, straight, 
and of quite rapid growth. Bark smooth and grayish, inclined to flake off. Leaves 
are broad and short stemmed on seedlings, narrower, longer stalked and more 
scattered on adult trees. Flowers rather large, in open clusters of from 4 to 8 on 
slender stalks. Does best near coast, but stands dry heat, frost and drought. 
Timber has about same uses as Red Gum. 

Eucalyptus viminalis — Manna Gum — Australia — Makes rapid growth, and generally be- 
comes a large tree. Bark variable, mostly persistent, brownish rough. Has the 
peculiar characteristic of exuding a honey like substance (commonly called man- 
na) when bark is punctured. Branches drooping, willow-like. Leaves pointed at 
both ends. Flowers medium size on rather slender stalks in clusters varying from 
3 to 7. Grows under a variety of conditions. Timber not valuable except for 
shingles and rough material. 

Eugenia Australis — See Eugenia myrtifolia. 

Eugenia myrtifolia — "Brush Cherry" — (E. Australis) — Queensland and X. S. Wales — 
Tall, erect shrub, of compact growth. Leaves dark, glossy green when mature, 
ruddy on new growth, egg shaped to lance shaped. Flowers creamy white, fol- 
lowed by edible berries, red or violet in color. Closely related to Myrtle, the flow- 
ers being of similar form. Makes splendid and beautiful hedge. 

Fabiana imbricata — Chile and Peru — Shrub 10 ft. — Hardy evergreen, heath like shrub, 
of erect, rigid growth. Leaves very small, overlaid, like scales around the branch- 
lets. Flowers white, tubular, very numerous. Does well in most soils, thrives 
best when grown against a wall. 

Fatsia Japonica — (Syn. Aralia .Taponica) CAralia Sieboldi) — Japan — Shrub 5 ft. — Erect 
growing, leaves 1 ft. or more across, smooth, glossy green, 5 lobed, leathery. Stem 
straight, forming an umbrella like head. Half hardy. Requires shady location. 

Fatsia Japonica variegata — Similar to Fatsia Japonica, except that the leaves are 
variegated with white. 

Ficus elastica — "India Rubber-plant" — Tropical Asia — Large tree, leaves 3 to 12 in. 
long, shiny, leathery, elliptic, with pinkish sheath when young. Bark smooth and 
grayish. Yields the rubber gum of commerce. 

Ficus macrophylla — "Moreton Bay Fig" — Australia — Large, spreading tree, leaves 6 
to 10 in. long, 3 to 4 in. wide, shiny dark green above, lighter beneath leathery, 
sheath on young leaves white, similar to Ficus elastica. 

Ficus nitida — (F. retusa) — Tropical Asia — Tree with milky juice. Leaves 2 to 4 in. 
long, nerves 5-6 pairs, leaf stalk very short, fruit yellow or reddish. 

Ficus pandurata — Majestic Rubber Tree — China — A new species of rapid growth. 
Leaves very large and somewhat rectangular in shape, hard texture -with promi- 
nent veins and undulated surface. 

Fothergiiia Gardeni — S. Alleghanies — Hardy, ornamental growth, -with alternate de- 
ciduous simple, dull green leaves. Flowers white in showy spikes. Foliage re- 
sembles Alder, and turns yellow late in fall. 

Genista andreana — See Cytisus scoparius var. Andreana. 

Genista canariensis — See Cytisus canariensis. 

Grevilea robusta — "Silk Oak" — Australia — Tree, 60 ft. — Good size tree of rapid growth 
Leaves fern shaped, flowers produced in large golden yellow trusses, very fra- 
grant. Very drought resistant, but stands only light frost. "Wood used for staves 
of casks, also for furniture. Flowers valuable for bees. 

Grevillea thelemanniana — Australia — Tall, low branching shrub with fine needle-like 
foliage, and bright red flowers. Very drought resistant, but will not stand much 
frost. 

Habrothamnus elegans — See Cestrum elegans. 

Hakea gibbosa — Australia — Broad shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high, twigs and young leaves hairy, 
leaves cylindric rigid, smooth, spine like. Flowers white. 

Hakea pugioniformis — Australia — Shrub of same habit, foliage and general character- 
istics of H. gibbosa, the difference being in the flower corolla of same is downy, 
center is longer, seed capsule much more slender and shorter. 

Hakea suaveolens — A dense rounded shrub 8 to 10 ft. Leaves two to four in. long, 
about 1-10 in. thick, cylindrical with sharp tip, narrowly grooved on upper side, 
usually branched into 1 to 5 rigid cylindrical divisons. Flowers whte n pairs 
mostly n the leaf axils, delicate, fragrant. 

Hibiscus mutabilis — "Changeable Hibiscus," "Cotton Rose" — China — Shrub or small 
tree, 20 ft. Tall slender shrub with large downy leaves, 4 in. across, heavily 
veined: toothed with stems 3 in. long. Flowers open vure white, changing through 
pink at noon to red at night. 

Hibiscus syriacus — "Rose of Sharon" — China — Shrub 6 to 12 ft. — Well known shrub, 
much branched, leaves smooth, rather small, short stemmed, 3 ribbed, triangular, 
3 lobed, serrated: flowers are solitary, slightly funnel shaped, and vary in the 
different varieties from purple, red and flesh color to white. There are both sin- 
gle and double forms. Flowers are used commercially in preparing shoe volish. 

Howea forsteriana — See Kentia forsteriana. 

Hunnemannia f umariaefolia — "Tulip or Bush Poppy" — Mexico — Semi-shrubby herb 
with flowers of very much the same shape as the California Poppy but lemon in 
color. Foliage bluish green, finely cut. 

Hypericum hircinum — Mediterranean region — Small shrub 2 to 3 ft. high, of round 
compace habit. Leaves dark green, 1 to 2 in. long, smooth surface and edges. 
Flowers deeper yellow and smaller than the other species, less than 1 in. in dia- 
meter, stamens very long. LeaA-es have decided goat like odor, hence the name 
hircinum. Reuqires a dry position and is susceptible to frost. 

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Hypericum moserianum — Gold Flower — So. Europe — Small shrub 2 ft. with long slen- 
der, much branched stems, leafy to base. Erect, excepting- that branchlets are 
drooping- at tips. Leaves opposite, about 2 in. long, decreasing in size towards 
base of branchlets. Flowers golden yellow, 2 in. in diameter, borne at tips of 
branchlets. 

lochroma tubulosa — Tropical America, 10 ft. — Shrub, similar to Cestrum and Ha- 
brothamuns. Growth strong. Leaves rather dull, lighter beneath than above, 
about 4 in. long, slightly downy on both sides, not serrated, alternate. Flowers 
tubular, iy 2 in. long, in clusters, purple. 

Jacaranda mimosaefolia — South America — Large flowering tree, symmetrical and ele- 
gant. Leaves large pinnate and finely divided. Flowers blue, 2 in. long with long 
bent swelling tube in pyramidal clusters of about 40 to 90 blossoms. 

Jacobinia Pohliana — Brazel — I-Ierb or sub shrub — Tropical shrubby herb, leaves 2 to 
4 in. long, wavy margined, yellowish green above, lighter beneath, sometimes with 
a purplish tinge, veiny, smooth. Flowers bright crimson, tubular, an inch or so 
long, in clusters. Satisfactory conservatory plant. Grown from cuttings. 

Jasminum simplicifolium — Australia — A climber, stems of late growth, black. Leaves 
simple, not pinnate, opposite, short stalked and glossy, about 3 in, or less long. 
Flowers white in terminal forked, many flowered clusters. Summer bloomer. 

Kentia Forsteriana — "Flat Palm," "Thatch Leaf Palm" — Lord Howe's Island — Semi- 
dwarf palm, of slow growth. Leaves somewhat drooping, feather shaped, spine- 
less, with several prominent veins, dark green. Very graceful. Syn. with Howea 
Forsteriana. 

Lagunaria Patersonii — Australia — Tree — About 12 ft. high, spotted very light brown 
on trunk and branches. Leaves egg-shaped, not toothed, dark green above, ashy 
gray beneath, 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers pale rose color, resembling Hibiscus, to 
which the genus is allied. Hardy in Southern California. 

Lantana camara — Tropical America — Small Shrub — About 1 to 4 ft. high. Leaves 
rather thick, rough above, downy beneath, oval, about 2 in. long. Flowers ver- 
bena like. Plant has rather a strong odor. Var. nivea fls. -white outer ones 
bluish; Var. sanguinea fls. opening yellow, changes to bright red. 

Laurocerasus species — See Prunus. 

Leptospermum laevigatum— Aust. Tea. Tree — Australia — Tall shrub attaining 20 to 
30 ft. Leaves light green, inclined to a slight bluish tint, smooth, % in. long, larger 
at tip than at base, habit and appearance of leaf suggesting the well known Box, 
although not as symmetrical. 

Leptospermum lanigerum — Australia — Shrub 5 ft. — Leaves, alternate, light green, % 
in. long, tipped with a small sharp point, same color above and beneath, quite 
dense on branches. Flowers large, white, extremely variable. 

Libocedrus decurrens — Incense Cedar — Pac. Coast and inland to W. Nevada — Tree, 100 
ft. — Handsome, erect, compact growing conifer, with a trunk sometimes 7 ft. in 
diameter at the base. Leaves bright glossy green, small, scale like, overlapping, 
sharp pointed; cones erect, borne singly, % in. to 1 in. long. Valuable timber 
tree. Wood light and soft and straight grained, suitable for both inside and out- 
side use. 

Libonia floribunda — (Syn. Jacobinia pauciflora) — Sub-shrub, 2 ft. — Brazil — Branches 
cylindrical, short jointed, clothed with very fine downy hairs. Leaves short, small, 
elliptic, not serrated. Light green. Flowers 1 in. long, tubular, somewhat droop- 
ing, scarlet at the base, yellow at the tip, lips short. Free flowering, almost as 
hardy in So. California as Fuchsias. 

Ligustrum amurense — "Privet," "Amoor River Privet" — Japan-China — Shrub 15 ft. 
with upright branches, spreading. Leaves light green, glossy above, smooth ex- 
cept midrib which is downy beneath. Leaves opposite, oval, blunt, % in. long. 
Flowers creamy white all along the branches. Excellent for hedges. Partly de- 
ciduous. 

Ligustrum ovalifolium aureo-marginatum — California Pivet — Japan — Shrub 15 ft., up- 
right branches. Leaves oval or oblong, dark green edged yellow, g-lossy above, 
yellowish green beneath. Flowers white in clusters, rather compact, 3 in. long. 
Somewhat stiff habit, suitable for hedges. 

Livistona australis — Australia — A fan leaved palm, grows to 40 to 80 ft. high. Leaves 
in dense crown, orbicular, 3 to 4 ft. in diameter, divided to about the middle into 
40 to 50 narrow segments, often two cleft at tip, thorny leaf stem. 

Ligustrum Japonicum macrophyllum — Japan-China — Tree, 20 ft. — Branches spreading. 
Leaves 3 in. to 5 in. long, oval, distinctly veined beneath, dark green, shining, op- 
posite. Flowers white in open terminal clusters. 

Loquat — See Photinia Japonica. 

Lycium europaeum — Mediterranean region — 10-12 ft. — Spiny shrub, spreading branches. 
Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, bright green above and beneath. Flowers purplish white, 
short stalks, purplish white, followed by red berries. Used in the latter state for 
decoration. 

Lycium horridum — "Matrimony Vine"- — -So. Africa — 3 ft. — Erect, spiny, much branched 
shrub; leaves s.mooth, stemless, blunt, about % in. long. Flowers short stalked, 
small, whitish. 
Lyonthamnus floribundus asplenifolius — Lyon's Ironwood — Santa Catalina and Santa 
Cruz and San Clemente — Small tree or shrub, 30 ft. with a trunk diameter of less 
than 1 ft. Bark separates into long, thin reddish brown strips which remain at- 
tached for some time before falling away. Leaves opposite, very closely resemb- 
ling those of the Sweet-fern (Coniptonia). Flowers white, in clusters. Wood very 
hard. Tree is named after Wm. S. Lyon, a former officer of California State 
Board of Forestry. 
Magnolia grandiflora — Bull Bay — N. C. to Texas — Tree, 80 ft.— Evergreen, pyramidal 
habit. Leaves thick and firm, glossy, dark green above, reddish beneath. Similar 
to the rubber trees (Ficus) in appearance, but leaves are of lighter texture and 
color, with edges more waved. Flowers white, 7 to 8 in. in diameter, fragrant. 

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Malvaviscus arboreus — (Achania malvaviscus) — "Tm-k's Cap." — So. America — Shrub, 
12 ft. — Leaves heart shaped, 2 to 3 in. long-, alternate, toothed. Flowers bright 
scarlet, resembling those of abutilon, but provided with bracts. The old name of 
Achania refers to the flowers not opening. Sensitive to low temperatures. 

Melaleuca armillaris (M. aiba) — Australia — Shrub 15 to 30 ft. — Graceful drooping ha- 
bit, bark gray, furrowed, deciduous in narrow strips. Leaves dense, needle like. 
y 2 to % in. long, less than 1-16 in. wide. Flower clusters white, cylindric, over 2 
in. long, % in. wide, white. Considered the best of the white flowered sorts. Suit- 
able for general planting in shrubberies and borders. Hardy. 

Melaleuca ericifolia — Australia — Large shrub or small tree — Slender shrub resembling 
heath. Bark thick and soft. Leaves alternate, not rigid, curved outward, needle- 
like, about % in. long. Flower clusters yellowish white, y 2 to 1 in. long and % 
in. wide. Hardy. 

Melaleuca Huegelii — -Australia — Shrub, 6-10 ft. — Erect shrub, with firm pale bark. 
Leaves alternate, spirally an^anged, and overlapping, stemless, very sharp pointed, 
% in. or less in length. Flower clusters white, dense, 1 to 5 in. long, % in. wide. 
One of the most curious of Melaleucas. 

Melaleuca hypericifolia — Australia — Shrub — Tall shrub, with foliage resembling Hy- 
pericum. Leaves opposite, elliptical, % to 1% in. wide, 1-6 to % in. or more wide, 
the midrib and many dots prominent beneath. Flower clusters rich red, 2 in. long 
and 2 in. wide, forming the bases of leafy branches. Very showy, and one of the 
best. Hardy. 

Melaleuca leucadenriron — "Cajaput Tree," "Punk Tree" — Australia — A large tree, bark 
thick and spongy, peeling off in layers Leaves alternate, lance saped, tapering to 
each end,. 2 in. to 4 in. or more in length and % in. to % in. wide. Flower spikes 
creamy white, 1% in. to 4 in. long, 1 in. wide. This tree resembles several of the 
Acacias. Very resistant to salt water. Leaves of some forms yield cajuput oil, 
used in medicine. 

Melaleuca linariifoiia — Australia — Shrub — A rather rare species of the Bottle Brush, 
making a tall shrub with pale green foliage. Leaves opposite, rigid, sharp pointed, 
1 in. to 1*4 in. long, % in. wide, midrib prominent beneath. Flowers white or lilac, 
clusters small, but borne in several pairs. Somewhat fragrant. 

Melaleuca nesophila — Australia — Shrub or small tree — Rapid grower, sometimes at- 
taining 35 ft. in California. Bark thick and spongy, which peels off in long strips. 
Leaves alternate, y 2 to 1 in. long, generally sharp tipped, ^ in. wide. Flowers 
pink or rose-color, in dense terminal heads, 1 in. or more in diameter; in cylin- 
drical clusters. 

Melaleuca stypheloides — Australia — Tree — Becomes a tall tree with thick spongy bark. 
Young shoots and flowers are silky, foliage being otherwise smooth. Leaves are 
alternate, with sharp, rigid tips, usually somewhat twisted, % in. long, *4 in. 
wide. Flowers creamy-white, dense 1 in. or 2 in. long, 1 in. wide, in cylindrical 
clusters. 

Myoporum acuminatum — New Zealand — Shrub — Rather rapid growing shrub of tall 
habit. Leaves alternate, Oleander shaped, shining above, dotted with transparent 
spots. Flowers small, white. 

Myrtus communis — "English Myrtle" — So. Europe — Shrub 3 to 10 ft. — Well known 
shrub of easy culture. Leaves lance shaped, sharp pointed, 1 or 2 in. long, pleas- 
antly aromatic. Flowers white, y 2 in. in diameter, fruit black. Both flowers and 
fruit fragrant. Thrives in any soil. Requires an abundance of water, never be- 
ing allowed to dry out. 

Myrtus communis microphylla — Small lvd. Eng. Myrtle — So. Europe — Similar to M. 
communis, but with leaves about 1-3 the size, and possibly more spreading in 
habit. Fig. June. 

Nandina domestica — Japan- — Shrub 5 ft. — Handsome, rather slow-growing, leaves much 
divided, leaflets large, light green in summer, turning to a bright red in the fall. 
Flowers white, in clusters, followed by crimson berries. Very showy in winter. 

Nerium Oleander — "Oleander" — Medit. region — Tree, 30 ft. — Well known tree, with 
erect slender branches forming a narrow head. Bark brown, twigs smooth, light 
green, becoming brown. Leaves opposite, leathery, dark green, 2 in. to 6 in. long, 
taper pointed at both ends, not serrated. Flowers in clusters, in various shades 
of rose or purple. There is also a white variety. 

Oleander — Nerium Oleander. 

Orange — Dancy Tangerine — Florida — Shrubby, very small tree, leaves slightly smaller 
than orange, flowers small, white, crowded in clusters. Fruit dark orange or red- 
dish, medium early, quality excellent. Is the most valuable of the Mandarin or- 
anges, of which it is a variety. Very sensitive to hot winds. 

Pandanus utilis — "Screw Pine" — Madagascar — A tropical plant with sword shaped 
leaves in spiral tufts, whence the common name Screw Pine. Attains 60 ft. in 
height. Leaves bluish and erect with no variegation. Spines red. 

Pandanus Veitchii — "Screw Pine" — Polynesia — A tropical plant with sword shaped 
leaves in spiral tufts, similar to P. utilis in form. Leaves margined with broad 
bands of white and armed with sharp spines. The roots gradually lift the plant 
out of the ground, making it appear on stilts. 

Persea gratissima — "Alligator Pear," "Avocado," "Aguacate," "Ahuacate" — Central 
America — Tree 25 to 30 ft., bark light gray and fissured. Young twigs are yellow 
green, silky, becoming gray and smooth. Leaves oval, hairy when young, smooth 
when old, 4 to 7 in. long, flowers greenish, fruit pear shaped, green or purplish, 
eaten as a salad. 

Phoenix canariensis — "Canary Tsland Palm," "Ornamental Date Palm" — Canary Is- 
lands — Resembles the commercial date palm, Phoenix dactylifers, but is more 
spreading and robust in habit, attaining a greater diameter of trunk. Leaves 
more numerous, finer and more graceful in habit. Grows to a height of 50 ft. or 
more. 

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Phoenix dactylifera — True "Date Palm" — Tall growing, erect palm of the "feather 
leaf" type. Attains a height of 100 ft. Trunk more slender than P. canariensis. 
Leaves coarser, and not so numerous. Bears the commercial date. 

Phoenix reclinata — Pinnate leaved palm. Leaves obliquely recurved near the end, 
leaflets rigid, those nearest base are often yellowish spines. The trunk is tall and 
slender, covered by persistent leaf bases. 

Phoenix Roebelenii — Syn. P. humilis, var. Lourierii — A pygmy Phoenix and much used 
for decorative purposes. It never grows higher than a few feet. Leaves are of 
soft texture and gracefully drooping. It suckers freely and in wild state grows in 
clumps. 

Phoenix sylvestris — "East Indian Wine Palm" — "Wild Date Palm, India, 40 ft. — One 
of the hardiest of the Phoenix palms. Leaves grayish green, 7 ft. to 12 ft. long, 
more finely cut than in P. canariensis. Trunk 12 in. to 14 in. in diameter. Palm 
closely resembles the commercial date palm. (P. dactylifera.) 

Photinia Japonica — "Loquat," "Japan Quince" — Japan — Tree, 20 ft. — Handsome tree 
of rather spreading habit; leaves large, oval, somewhat ridged, dark green above, 
lighter and downy beneath. Flowers white, in pendulous clusters. Fruit borne 
in large bunches, is orange red in color, downy, size of a small apple. 

Phytolacca dioica — So. America — A very thick stemmed, soft wooded shrub, being 
heavy at base and tapering towards summit. Light colored bark. Leaves varia- 
ble in size, nerves purplish, dropping soon after reaching maximum size, thus 
leaving foliage only at the ends of the branches. 

Pin us Canariensis — Canary Islands — Tree, 80 ft. — Forms a broad round topped head, 
branches slender, branchlets yellowish. Leaves slender and pendulous, light 
green, 9 to 12 in. long. Cones 4 to 8 in. long. Handsome pine, much cultivated in 
California. 

Pinus Halapensis — "Aleppo Pine" — Mediterranean region — Tree, 60 ft. — Forms an open 

round-topped head. Branches slender yellowish or light greenish brown. Leaves 

in 3's, slender, bluish green, 2V 2 to 4 in. long. Cones yellowish brown, 2y 2 in. to 

3% in. long. Trunk generally slender and bare for a considerable height. Foliage 

sparse, tufted on the ends of the branchlets. 

Pinus insignis — "Monterey Pine" — (Syn. P. radiata) — Tree, 80-100 ft. — California- 
Thick, spreading branches, forming an irregular, open, round-topped head. Bark 
thick, furrowed, twigs brown or yellow. Leaves needle like, bright green, 4-6 in. 
long. Cones short stalked, bent backwards, scales thin, nearly flat, apex thickened 
and rounded, slightly ridged, terminated by a dark 4-sided knob, armed with a 
short thick spine; they are purple on the unexposed surface. Good for coast 
planting. 

Pinus pinea — "Stone Pine" — So. Europe — Tree, 80 ft. — Forms a broad flat topped head 
in adult trees. Branches long, horizontally spreading. Branchlets pale brown. 
Leaves rigid, bright green, 5 in. to 8in. long. Cones chestnut brown, 4 to 5% in. 
long. Seed % in. long, and edible. Not hardy north. 

Pinus Torreyana — "Torrey's Pine," "Del Mar Pine," "Soledad Pine"— San Diego Co., 
California. Vicinity of Del Mar — Tree, 40 ft. — Thick spreading branches, forming 
a narrow round top. Bark about 1 in. thick, irregularly and deeply fissured into 
broad flat ridges, covered by large reddish scales. Twigs light green, becoming 
light purple, covered with brown fringed scales, becoming almost black. Leaves 
in groups of 5, rigid, dark green, 8 to 13 in. long. Cones 4 to 6 in. long, brown. 
Rare. Good for coast planting. Indiginous only in San Diego County and Santa 
Rosa Island. 

Pittosporum crassifolium — "Karo" — New Zealand — Tree, 15 to 30 ft. — Tree or tall 
shrub with erect branches, bark dark brown or black, branchlets, leaf stems, under 
surface of leaves, and flowers, all clothed with a white or buff down. Leaves 2 
to 3 in. long, oval, very thick and leathery, dark green and shining above, margins 
recurved. Flowers at the ends of the branchlets, small, almost black. Suitable 
for seaside planting. Very resistant to salt spray. 

Pittosporum eugenoides — Tarata — New Zealand — Tree, 20 to 40 ft. — Round headed 
tree, foliage rather sparse, glossy, very light yellowish green in color. Leaves 
2 in. to 4 in. long, % to l 1 ^ in. wide, elliptical in shape, margin quite wavy. Flow- 
ers numerous, in terminal clusters, small, greenish yellow. Planted singly; but 
more often used for hedges. 

Pittosporum heterophyllum — W. China — Shrub — Low, half reclining shrub, foliage. 
Leaves 1 or 2 in. long, % to 1 in. wide, lance shaped, almost stemless, not ser- 
rated, smooth. Flowers few, at the ends of the short branchlets, yellow, % in. 
long. Drought resistant. 

Pittosporum phillyraeoides — Aiistralia — Tree, 20 ft. — Evergreen tree resembling the 
weeping willow in habit. Leaves light green, 2 in. to 3 in. lor. . , % in. wide, tap- 
ering towards both ends, tips somewhat curved under. Flo vers small, solitary, 
fragrant, yellow. Very drought resistant. In its native country, the seeds are 
made into a sort of bread. 

Pittosporum rhombifolium — Australia — "Queensland Pittosporum"— Tree, 60 of pyra- 
midal habit. Leaves 3 in. to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide, rhomboidal in outline, ir- 
regularly toothed, smooth and shining. Flowers numerous, % to % in. long, in 
clusters, followed by bright yellow berries. Valuable for both avenue and lawn 
planting. 

Pittosporum tobira — "Japanese Pittosporum" — China and Japan — Shrub, 10 ft.T — 
Spreading' shrub of globular habit. Leaves dark green, shining above, lighter be- 
neath, very blunt and broadest at the tips, thick and leathery, margins curved 
under, smooth. Flowers in clusters, at the ends of the branchlets, white, with an 
odor resembling orange blossoms. Suitable for seashore planting. There is a 
varieg. form with thinner leaves, variegated with white. 
Pittosporum undulatum — "Victorian Box" — Australia — Tree, 40 ft. — Round headed 
tree, but more often pruned as a shrub or for hedge purposes, for which it is very 
suitable. Foliage dense, dark green. Leaves 3 in. to 5 in. long, 1 in. to 2 in. wide. 
Shining, smooth, crowded on the branchlets, not serrated, margins wavy. 

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Plumbago capensis — So. Africa — Shrub, 15 to 20 ft. — Spreading or climbing shrub with 
clean, smooth foliage. Leaves usually alternate, not serrated, and of varying 
sizes, light green in color. Flowers pale blue, Phlox like in shape. 

Plumbago capensis alba — Cape of Good Hope — Shrub — Identical with P. capensis ex- 
cept in the color of the flowers, which are white. 

Poinsettia pulcherrima — Xmas Flower — (Syn. Euphorbia pulcherrima) — Mexico — Shrub, 
6 ft. or more — Well known shrub grown extensively in So. California. Branches and 
trunk are milky, leaves vary from 3 in. to 6 in. long, and often drop before the 
flowers are mature. These shrubs are grown for the showy red bracts surround- 
ing a rather inconspicuous flower. Winter. 

Polygala apopetala — Lower California — Shrub, 2 to 3 ft. — Small shrub, branches slen- 
der, downy. Leaves slender, lance shaped, not serrated, alternate, short stemmed, 
nearly smooth. Flowers large, pink, borne on slender stems y 2 in. or more in 
length. 

Polygala dalmaisiana — South Africa — Shrub — Small shrub, of dense globular habit and 
very slender branches. Leaves light green, oval 1 in. long by y 2 in. wide, oppo- 
site. Flowers magenta pink. Always in bloom. 

Prunus caroliniana — "Wild Orange," "Mock Orange" — So. Carolina to Flor. and Texas 
— Grows to about 35 ft. in height, with a trunk diameter of about 1 ft. Bark thin, 
gray, smooth, or slightly ridged, young twigs smooth, green, becoming red or red 
brown. Leaves oval, leathery, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1% in. wide, bluntly toothed, 
deep green and smooth above, pale and slightly hairy beneath, especially on the 
venation. Leaf stems short and grooved. Flowers cream colored, fruit black. 

Prunus iiicifolia integrifolia — Catalina Island — "Catalina Cherry" — Native to the is- 
lands near the coast of Southern California. Related to the native cherry. Grows 
to a height of 3i5 ft. with a trunk diameter of about 18 in. Bark thick and gray. 
Young twigs smooth, yellow green, becoming brown. Leaves leathery, oval, about 
3 in. long, bright green and shining on the upper side, paler and dull beneath. 
Flowers white, in dense clusters. Fruit round and purple. March to May. 

Prunus laurocerasus — "Eng. Laurel," "Cherry Laurel" — (Syn. Cerasus laurocerasus) — 
Shrubby tree, 6 to 10 ft., evergreen foliage. Leaves leathery and glossy, short 
stalked, mostly oval or lance shaped leaves, remotely toothed, 2 to 4 glands near 
base. Flowers small white in clusters. One of most pouplar of Prunus family. 

Prunus lusitanica — (Syn. Cerasus lusitanica) — "Portugal Laurel" — Portugal — Tree, 10 
to 20 ft. — Small tree, often used for tub culture, for which purpose it may be com- 
pared with the Bay (Laurus nobilis). Leaves are thick and leathery, oval or 
lance shaped, sharply serrated. Flowers white, in large clusters. Fruit oval, 
small, nearly black. 

Prunus pseudo-cerasus — (Syn. Cerasus Pseudo cerasus) — "False Cherry," "Japanese 
Cherry" — China and Japan — Tree, 10-20 ft. — Deciduous tree, with downy branches 
and leaf stems. Leaves 3 in. to 4 in. long, iy 2 in. broad, serrated, oval in shape, 
sharply pointed. Flowers somewhat double, rosy white, about 1 in. in diameter, 
borne in clusters. Fruit pale red, edible. 

Raphiolepis ovata — "Japanese Hawthorn" — Japan — Shrub, 10 ft. — Compact, spreading, 
quite slow growing. Leaves of medium size, rounded, dark green, forming roset- 
tes at tips of the branches, shining, leathery. Flowers small, pinkish white, in 
compact clusters. A handsome shrub. 

Rhapis humilis — China — A fan leaved palm growing in clumps. The reed like stems 
are 2 to 4 ft. high. Leaves semi- circular in outline segments rarely more than 10, 
the stalks are very slender. 

Rhopalostylis sapida — (Areca sapida) — New Zealand — A pinnate leaved palm. Stem 
6 to 10 ft. high by 6 to 8 in. in diameter. Leaves 4 to 6 ft. long, pinnate, narrow, 
linear segments. Nerves, midrib and leaf stem covered with small grey scales. 

Robinia pseudacacia — "Black Locust," "Common Locust," "False Acacia" — North 
America — Tree, 70 ft. — Native American tree of very rapid growth. Leaves 8 in. 
to 14 in. long, on slender stems, covered with a very fine down, leaflets oval, cov- 
ered at first with a fine silvery down, when mature are very thin, dull dark green 
above, pale beneath, nearly smooth. Flowers in long loose clusters, dark red, pea 
shaped. Valuable as timber. June. 

Sabal palmetto — "Cabbage Palmetto" — Southern states — 20-80 ft. — Fan palm, leaves 
sometimes 5 to 8 ft. long, and 6 ft. wide, often wider than long, the numerous nar- 
row segments 2 cleft at the apex and somewhat drooping, rather dull green. Leaf 
stalks stout often as long as the blades, concave on the upper side with sharp 
edges. Wood is soft and spongy, durable under water. Terminal buds are boiled 
and eaten like cabbage, hence the common name. 

Schinus molle — "Australian Pepper Tree," "California Pepper Tree," "Peruvian Mas- 
tic Tree" — Brazil and Peru — 40 ft. — Well known and widely cultivated in Southern 
California. Leaves pinnate with acute leaflets, very pungent. Flowers small, 
numerous, yellowish green, followed by large clusters of rose colored berries, the 
size of a pea, borne, however only on the trees bearing the female flowers, which 
are borne on separate trees from the male blossoms. 

Schinus terebinth if oli us — "Brazilian Pepper Tree"— Brazil — 40 ft. — Tree of rapid 
growth, spreading habits. Leaves somewhat similar to S. Molle, but with much 
larger leaflets, aromatic. New growth tinged pink. Flowers greenish white. 

Selaginella denticulata — Mediterranean region — "Club Moss" — Plant matted. Leaves 
of the lower plane, slightly spaced, toothed margins, but a microscope is necessary 
to see it. The upper plane of leaves lying lengthwise of stem and about y 2 length 
of lower leaves. . 

Solanum capsicastrum— Brazil— Shrub, 1 to 2 ft— Dwarf, branching shrub, similar to 
S. pseudo- capsicum. Leaves, alternate, arranged in pairs, one leaf of each pair 
being from 2 in. to 2V 2 in. long, and the other about half that size. Flowers 
white, fruit scarlet, y 2 in. in diameter. Very ornamental as a pot plant. 

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Solanum pseudo-capsicum — "Jerusalem Cherry," Old World — Shrub, 4 ft. — Branching' 
srrub, grown for its ornamental fruit. Leaves 4 in. to 5 in. long, % in. to % in. 
broad, light green in color, shining, not serrated. Flowers small, white, star- 
shaped. Fruit scarlet or yellow, y 2 in. in diameter. Borne singly. Sometimes 
used for hedge purposes. 

Spartium junceum — "Spanish Broom" — Mediterranean region and Canary Isles — 
Shrub, 6 to 10 ft. — Almost everblooming shrub of upright habit. Branches cylin- 
drical, bright green, nearly leafless. Flowers pea shaped, yellow, fragrant. 

Sterculia acerifolia — "Flame Tree" — (Syn. Brachychiton acerifolium) — Australia — ■ 
Tree, 60 ft. — Rather slow growing tree with conical shaped trunk. Leaves re- 
sembling those of the maple, but several times as large. Flowers brilliant scarlet. 

Sterculia diversifolia — Bottle Tree — (Syn. Brachychiton diversifolium — Australia — 
Tree, 40 ft. — PJrect growing tree with clean, glossy foliage. The decided conical 
shape of the trunk suggests the common name of Bottle Tree. Leaves very 
variable in habit, sometimes entire, sometimes two or three lobed. 

Strelitzia augusta — "Bird of Paradise Flower," "Bird's-tongue Flower" — South Africa 
— Identical with S. Nicolai in appearance, except that the flowers are white. 

Strelitzia Nicolai — "Bird of Paradise Flower," "Bird's tongue Flower"— South Africa — 
Perennial Herb, 15 ft. — Showy, tropical looking plant, with leaves somewhat re- 
sembling Banana in form. 2 or 3 ft. long, borne on stems 4 to 6 ft. in length. 
Flowers blue, resembling a bird in appearance, hence the common name. 

Tamarix Africana — Tamarisk (Syn. T. parviflora) — S. E. Europe — -Shrub, 15 ft. — Very 
similar to Tamarix plumosa, but with more strict branches and lighter green 
foliage. 

Tamarix plumosa — (Syn. Tamarix juniperina) — Shrub or small tree, 15 ft. — With slen- 
der branches. Leaves green and closely compressed to stem, giving the effect of 
a Juniper, hence the specific name, juniperina. 

Taxodium distichum — "Bald Cypress," "Deciduous Cypress" — Eastern U. S. — Tree, 120 
ft. — A very graceful, deciduous conifer. Foliage light green, turning to red in 
autumn. Leaves in two rows, flat needle shaped, % in. long, feathery in appear- 
ance. Cones roundish, size of a pigeon's egg. Commercially, this tree is very 
valuable, being used for practically all timber purposes, especially shingles. 

Teucrium fruticans — "Tree Germander" — So. Europe — Evergreen shrub, leaves oppo- 
site, oval, not serrate, downy white beneath, y 2 in. long, y± in. wide, rather sparse, 
very short stemmed. Flowers blue, bracts whitish, and larger than the petals. 

Umbellularia Californica — "Spice Tree," "Calif. Sassafras," "Balm of Heaven," "Calif. 
Laurel" — Evergreen tree, 20 to 30 ft. or higher, with erect slender branches, coni- 
cal outline and dense foliage. Leaves alternate, lance shaped, dark green, highly 
aromatic. Flowers small, greenish, fragrant. Fruit yellowish green at first, De- 
cerning purple when ripe. Very valuable timber for interior finishing, furni- 
ture, etc. 

Veronica buxifolia — "Box Leaved Veronica" — New Zealand — Shrub, 2-3 ft. — Small 
shrub of upright, compact growth. Leaves smaller than the other species, being 
about % in. long, somewhat resembling the well known Box (Buxus). Flowers 
white, in small spikes, but very numerous. 

Veronica elliptica — New Zealand — Shrub or small tree — Rather variable in habit, 
sometimes dwarf and shrubby, sometimes attaining 20 ft. in height. Leaves 
close-set, oval, about V?. in. long, light green Flowers tinted violet when in bud, 
opening pure white. This is one of the largest flowered species of the genus. 

Veronica "Purple Queen" — New Zealand — Very like the V. spec, imp., but with smaller 
leaves and the spikes of flowers are smaller. The individual flower is blue with 
white center. 

Veronica speciosa imperial is — New Zealand — Bushy, branching shrub, 3 to 6 ft. high, 
rather stout and smooth. Leaves very short stalked, rather thick, smooth, promi- 
nent groove on upper side along the midrib, 2 or 3 in. long. They are crowded and 
in two ranks. Flowers in dense spikes of crimson purple, in axils ol leaves at 
summit of branchlet. 

Viburnum tinus — "Laurestinus" — South Europe — Shrub, 10 ft. — Bushy shrub, with 
somewhat hairy branches. Leaves oval, sharp pointed, dark green, shining above, 
downy beneath on the veins only, 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers in clusters, white, 
pinkish when in bud, slightly fragrant. 

Washingtonia filifera — "Desert Palm," "Fan Palm." "Native Cabbage Palm" — Cali- 
fornia — Native fan palm, attaining 75 ft. in height — Trunk diameter 2 to 3 ft. 
Covered with a thick reddish brown scaly rind, and clothed with a thick thatch of 
dead pendant leaves, from the living leaves, nearly to the ground. Leaves 5 to 6 
ft.; 4 to 5 ft. wide, light green, stems 4 to 6 ft. long, fan shaped. Flowers soli- 
tary, nearly stemless, slightly fragrant. Fruit 1-3 in. long, used as food by the 
Indians. 

VINES AND CLIMBERS 

Akebia quinata — China and Japan — Twining shrub, climbing 12 ft. or more. Leaflets 
5, oval, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers fragrant, the pollen bearing are rosy purple; the 
seed bearing are larger and purplish and brown. 

Allamanda grandiflora — Brazil — Handsome greenhouse climber. Stem wiry. Leaves 
thin, ovate lance shaped, usually in threes. Flowers large, funnel shaped, lemon 
yellow. 

Ampelopsis quinquefolia — "Woodbine," "Virginia Creeper," "American Ivy" — North 
America — One of the best known of deciduous climbers. Leaves large, composed 
of five leaflets, smooth on both surfaces, toothed. Berries dark purple, borne on 
red stalks. Foliage turns scarlet early in the fall. Useful for brick, stone or 
wood walls. Clinging by means of tendrils, thus rendering a trellis unnecessary. 
The bark and twigs of this plant are used medicinally. 

Ampelopsis sempervirens — A vine with evergreen foliage. Leaves in fives and toothed 
and much resembling those of A. quinquefolia, except they are much smaller and 
do not drop in fall. 

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Ampelopsis Veitchii — (Syn. A. tricuspidata) — Boston Ivy, Japan Ivy — Japan — High 
climbing with short stout tendrils. Leaves are mostly 3 lobed and glossy, in the 
fall turning red and dropping later, but for one month or so. Does best on north 
walls. 

Ampelopsis Veitchii variegata — Similar to A. Veitchii, but with variegated leaves. 

Asparagus medeoloides — "Smilax" — Africa — Well known twining herb with small 
bright green smooth shining leaves, oval in shape. Flowers small greenish, fra- 
grant. Much used for decoration. 

Asparagus myriocladus — Natal — Slender woody plant. Tall curving white stems with 
short lateral branches, bearing interrupted fascicles of numerous needle-like 
leaves. Flowers white, inconspicuous. 

Asparagus plumosus — So. Africa — Well known climber with fern-like foliage. Much 
used for cutting, as it will remain green for several weeks. Flowers greenish 
white, inconspicuous, followed by black berries; fairly hardy in sheltered loca- 
tions. Popularly known as Asparagus Fern. 

Asparagus Sprengerii — So. Africa — Evergreen climber, entirely distinct from most of 
the other species. Leaves about 1 in. in length, needle-like, somewhat flattened, 
bright green. Flowers greenish white, inconspicuous, followed by clusters of 
bright red berries. Useful for hanging baskets. 

Bignonia capreolata — Syn. Big. Crucigera — "Cross Vine" — No. America — Strong grow- 
ing ever green climber. Leaves pinnate, leaflets oblong, heart-shaped, margins 
not cut. Flowers tubular, orange. Climbs by tendrils. Hardy. 

Bignonia capreolata atro sanguinea — No. America — A strong evergreen climber, often 
attaining 50 ft. or more. Leaflets are stalked, oblong, heart-shaped. Flowers 
tubular, in many 2 to 5 fld. short stemmed clusters, deep cardinal. 

Bignonia Cherere — Syn. B. buccinatoria — Guiana — Evergreen climber, with tendrils. 
Leaflets are stalked and oval shaped, 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers long tubular, blood 
red, yellow at base. 

Bignonia grandiflora — See Tecoma grandiflora. 

Bignonia Tweediana — Argentina — Showy evergreen climber. Leaves borne in pairs, 
lance shaped, sharp pointed, stems downy. Flowers lemon yellow, tubular. Gen- 
erally broader than long. Grows very high and without a trellis. April. 

Bignonia venusta — Brazil — Very showy, rapid growing climber. Leaves composed of 
3 leaflets, dark green, rather glossy. Flowers in numerous clusters, bright orange, 
tubular in shape, about 3 in. long. Somewhat tender when young. Feb. 1 to 
April 1. 

Bougainvillea spectabilis — Syn. B. Braziliensis — "Paper Flower" — So. America — Hand- 
some evergreen climber of rapid growth. Grown for its showy, light magenta 
colored bracts, popularly spoken of as the flowers, the real flowers being small and 
inconspicuous, yellowish in color. Foliage is clean and glossy. Very widely 
grown in Southern California. 

Bougainvillea spectabilis lateritea — "Paper Flower" — So. America — Although a va- 
riety of B. spectabiles. it is very much more difficult to propogate, and conse- 
quently rarer. After becoming well established it makes a fairly rapid growth 
and is about as hardy as the type. Bracts bright red in color. 

Campsidium valdivianum — Syn. Tecoma valdiviana — Chile — Strong growing climber. 
Leaves pinnate, leaflets variable in size, glossy. Flowers tubular about 1 in. long 
in clusters, buff. 

Clematis montana grandiflora rubra — Himalaya — Evergreen climber, often 15 to 20 
ft. Leaves in threes with oblong toothed leaflets. Flowers several in axils, re- 
sembling the white anemone, parts in fours, pink and 3 to 4 in. across 

Clematis paniculata — Japan — Well known climber. Deciduous. Clings by twining leaf 
stems. Leaves pinnate, not cut, oval, sharp pointed. Flowers, small, white, fra- 
grant, numerous. Fall. 

Cobaea scandens — "Cup and Saucer Vine" — Mexico — Very rapid growing evergreen 
climber. Leaves composed of 3 pairs cf leaflets, not cut, elliptical in shape. 
Flowers bell shaped, violet purple, both style and stamens protruding, calyx green 
forming saucer. 

Ficus pumila — Syn. F. repens. — "Climbing Fig" — China and Japan — Handsome ever- 
green climber of fairly rapid growth. Clings to walls by tendrils somewhat after 
the manner of Ivy. Leaves are of two types, small dark green, heart shaped, and 
a larger, more elliptic type. Both types on the same plant, but the larger one 
does not develop until after the plant is about 2 years or more of age. 

Ficus repens — See Ficus pumila. 

Hardenberaia monophylla — Australia — Evergreen twiner. Leaflets solitary, 2 to 4 in. 
long, mostly oval but sometimes narrower. Flowers pea like, small, rather nu- 
merous, in long narrow clusters and various colors. January. 

Hardenbergia monophylla alba — Australia — A white flowering variety of H. Mono- 
phylla. January 15-April 1. 

Hedera helix — "English Ivy" — So. Europe — Well known, common Ivy, with dark 
green, shining 3 or 5 lobed, leathei-y leaves, clinging to walls by air roots. Flow- 
ers (seen only in old plants) greenish, folloAved by clusters of black berries. 

Hoya carnosa — "Wax Flower" — Queensland — -Handsome greenhouse climber, succeed- 
ing best in a moist atmosphere. Leaves fleshy, oval, acute pointed, glossy. Flow- 
ers somewhat star shaped, small pinkish white, very wax-like in appearance, borne 
in pendulous clusters. Summer. 

iDomoea Leari— (Pharbitis Leari)— "Blue Dawn Flower"— Ceylon— Very rapid grower, 
often 30 to 40 ft., inclined to be shrubby at the base. Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, 
heart shaped, generally not serrated, but sometimes slightly 3 lobed. Flowers 
borne in clusters of 12 to 30, opening in succession; 4 to 5 in. long, broadly bell- 
shaped. Color varying from deep lilac to dark or coppery purple. Perennial. 

loomoea bonariensis — "Common Morning Glory" — Tropical America and Africa — Tu- 
berous rooted species, stem branching, tinged purple and covered with short hairs. 
Leaves heart shaped, 3 to 5 lobed. The middle lobe longest. Flowers iy 2 to 2 
in. wide. Violet or blue. 



Ipomoea quamoclit — Syn. Quamoclit vulgaris — "Cypress Vine," "Indian Pink" — Trop. 
America — Annual species, distinct by reason of its finely cut, fern-like foliage. 
Attains a height of from 10 to 20 ft. Flowers star shaped, scarlet. A very orna- 
mental species. 
Jasminum azoricum — Climbing Shrub — Azores — Evergreen climber. Leaves ever- 
green, opposite, composed of three leaflets, the two side ones often smaller. Flow- 
ers small, white. 

Jasminum grandiflorum — (Catalonian Jasmine) — India — Nearly erect growing species, 
the branches drooping, smooth or nearly so. Leaves pinnate, opposite, composed 
of two or three pairs of leaflets, usually terminating in a small point. Flowers 
pink when in bud, white when open, star shaped, very double, larger than the 
common Jessamine (J. officinale). Fragrant and almost everblooming. 

Jasminum humile — (Italian Yellow Jasmine) — (Syn. J. revolutum) — Climbing Shrub — 
India— Very spreading, requiring a trellis or other support, attaining a height of 
20 ft. Branches smooth. Leaves alternate, pinnate, leaflets slender and pointed 
Flowers bright yellow, in open clusters. Fragrant. April 

Jasminum ligustrifolium — Evergreen climbing shrub, of dense compact growth, leaves 
very closely resembling Privet, glossy, light green in colors. Flowers creamy 
white, fragrant. 

Jasminum mudiflorum — "Winter Jasmine" — China — Climbing Shrub — Well known 
hardy deciduous climbing shrub. Branches flexible, green. Leaves composed of 
three very small leaflets. Flowers yellow, solitary, borne oppositely all along the 
stem. Winter. 

Lonicera Japonica Chinensis — "Chinese evergreen honeysuckle" — Japan and China 

Very rapid growing climber, evergreen in the South. Old leaves dull green, new 
growth reddish purple, both on the branches and backs of leaves. Flowers white 
inside, purplish outside, changing to yellow. 

Lonicera Japonica var. Halliana — "Halls Honeysuckle" — China and Japan — Evergreen 
climber, habit same as L. Japonica Chinensis. Leaves bright green above, grayish 
green beneath, not purplish. Flowers white, changing to yellow. April. 

Lonicera periclymenum var. Belgica — "Woodbine," "Belgian Honeysuckle" — Climbing 
several ft. high or shrubby. Leaves all distinct 1 to 3 in. long, dark above, pale 
beneath. Flowers bright red outside. April. 

Lonicera sempervirens — "Trumpet Honeysuckle" — North America — Evergreen climberj 
of rather slow growth. Leaves oval, bluish beneath, smooth, the upper pair 
grown together, with the stem apparently growing through them. Flowers scar- 
let outside, yellow inside, about 1 in. long. Summer. 

Lotus corniculatus — "Bird's Foot Trefoil" — Similar to L. peliorhynchus, excepting 
that it bears bright yellow flowers, fading to orange. 

Lotus peliorhynchus — (Syn. L. Bertholetii) — Canary Islands — Trailing plant much used 
for hanging baskets, window boxes, rockeries, etc. Leaves are very slender and 
grasslike, % in. to % in. long, stemless, borne on slender, gray in color. Flowers 
red, clustered towards the ends of the branches, 1 in. long, somewhat beak 
shaped. 

Lygodium Japonicum — (Syn. Ophioglossum Japonicum) — "Japanese Climbing Fern" — 
The fronds continue to lengthen, thus are enabled to climb like a vine. The 
pinnules are 4 to 8 in. long and nearly as wide, deltoid in shape. 

Lygodium scandens — Climbing Fern — Very similar in appearance to L. Japonicum. 
The pinnules are, however, much narrower. 

Mandevillea suaveolens — "Chilean Jasmine," "Climbing Shrub" — Buenos Ayres — Tall 
climber. Leaves opposite, heart shaped, bluish underneath. Flowers white, in 
clusters about two inches across. May. 

Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme — "Ice Plant" — South Africa — Succulent, trailing 
herb, leaves opposite, fleshy, scimitar shaped, 2 to 3 in. long, opposite. Flowers 
purple, 4 in. in diameter. Bears the largest flowers of the genus. 

Mesembryanthemum floribundum — Cape of Good Hope— Succulent herb, branches 6 in. 
or less in length. Leaves less than 1 in. in length. Very narrow, cylindrical, 
curved. Flowers small. % in. to % in. in diameter, rose color. Excellent for ter- 
races, etc. April 1. 

Mesembryanthemum geminatum — Succulent herbs, prostrate. Leaves opposite com- 
pletely clasping stem, 1 to 1V 2 in. long, triangular. Flower small and white. The 
petals many and strap shaped as in other Mesembryanthemums. 

Monstera deliciosa — (Syn. Philodendron pertusum) — A thick stemmed greenhouse 
climber. Leaves 1 to 2 ft. long, leathery, deeply cut and perforated. As the plant 
climbs long, thick aerial roots are put forth. The name Monstera deliciosa means 
delicious monster. 

Muehlenbeckia complexa— "Wire Vine," "Maidenhair Vine"— Very strong growing 
evergreen twiner. Branches, sleinder black, wirelike. Leaves about size and 
shape of Maiden Hair Fern. Flowers greenish, inconspicuous. 

Muehlenbeckia platyclados — (Syn. Coccoloba platyclada) — Erect shrubby plant with 
broad flat jointed, smooth branches which take the place of leaves. Leaves very 
few or none. Flowers white in small clusters. Spring. 

Passiflora coerulea — Passion Flower — Slender but strong growing vine with tendrils 
Leaves divided nearly to the base into 5 lance shaped, pointed segments. Flowers 
3 to 4 in. across, greenish white, the thread-like rays in two series, blue at tip, 
white in middle and purple at base. The pistil purple. The early Spanish and 
Italian considered the flower as representing the implements of crucifixion, whence 
the name Passion Vine. The 10 petal and sepal divisions represented the ten 
apostles present at the crucifixion, the colored fringed crown represented the 
crown of thorns; the five stamens represented the five wounds; the 3 div. to the 
pistil represented the three nails used; the coiling tendrils represented the cords 
or scourges, and the digitate leaves the hands of the persecutors. Early Summer. 

Philodendron asperatum — Climbing Philodendron — Brazil — A dark green, short jointed 
greenhouse climber, with short aerial roots. Leaves are cordate-ovate and varia- 
ble in size, 3 in. to about 8 in. across; the upper are the largest. 

Rhynchospermum Jasminoides — See Trachelospermum. 

(67) 



Rosa laevigata — Cherokee Rose — (Syn. R. Sinica) — China, Formosa, Japan — Well 
known climber, grown extensively throughout the south, but not hardy north. 
Flowers, single, resembling the wild rose, white, pink or red, the last two being 
more recently introduced varieties. Spring and Summer. 

Salpichroa rhomboidea — Argentine Republic — Half hardy, somewhat woody climber. 
Leaves ovate rhomboid. Flowers white, small, usually less than 1-3 in. long, re- 
sembling in appearance the Lily of the A r alley but solitary and not in clusters. 

Smilax — See Asparagus medeoloides. 

Solarium jasminoides — "Potato Vine" — South America — Well known vine, rapid grower. 
Leaves 2 to 2% in. long, flowers star shaped, white, in profuse clusters. Ever- 
green. Flowers continuously in Southern California. 

Solarium Rantonetti — Erect half climbing, bushy plant, 3 to 5 ft., glaborous. Leaves, 
lance ovate, alternate. Flowers large, violet blue, 2 to 5 in clusters at axils. 

Solarium Wendiandii — Costa Rica — Strong, tall, climbing plants with a few prickles. 
Leaves variable, the uppermost simple, the others lobed or in threes, with the 
terminal leaflet largest. Flowers in large clusters of pale blue, 2% in. or so across. 

Sollya heterophylla — 'Australian Bluebell Creeper" — Australia — Graceful ever green 
climber. Leaves variable as to shape, but not cut or lobed. Flowers, bell-shaped, 
deep blue, y 2 in. long, numerous. May. 

Tecoma capensis — "Cape honeysuckle" — Climbing shrub. Leaves pinnate, leaflets 7 
to 9 ovate, pointed, coarsely toothed, strongly nerved and glossy. Flowers tubu- 
lar, curved, wide open, narrow mouth, orange red, about 2 in. long. 

Tecoma grandiflora — "Chinese Trumpet Creeper"- — Climbing shrub. Leaves pinnate, 
leaflets usually 7 to 9, ovate, lance shaped, toothed, 1% to 2% in. long. Flowers 
in terminal clusters, funnel form, bell shaped, scarlet, about 2 in', across. 

Tecoma jasminoides — Australia — Evergreen climbing shrub. Leaflets of the pinnate, 
leaves 5 to 9, lance ovate, glossy. Flowers funnel shaped with wide spreading 
segments, rosy pink in the throat and pure white segments. April 15. 

Tecoma jasminoides rosea— Vine same as T. jasminoides in all respeects except it has 
larger flowers, pink segments with deep purplish red throat. April 15 to Nov. 15. 

Tecoma jasminoides aiba — Same as T. jasminoides but with white flowers. 

Tecoma stans — "Yellow Elder" — Upright shrub. Leaves pinnate, 5 to 11, leaflets 1V 2 
to 4 in. long, toothed. Flowers yellow in large terminal clusters, tubular with 
wide spread mouth. 

Trachelospermum jasminoides — (Syn. Rhynchospermum jasminoides) — "Star Jasmine" 
- — China — Climbing shrub. A Jasmine like vine. Leaves short stalked and ovate, 
lance shaped. Flowers on lonk stalks, the jasmine like flowers with segments 
rolled and slightly twisted. Fragrant. Early summer. 

Tradescantia fluminensis — "Wandering Jew" — Central Brazil— Trailing plants with 
glossy stems and leaves and conspicuous nodes. Leaves ovate, pointed, sheathing 
the stem for % in., fine hairs at base. Flowers white, 3 sepals and 3 petals. 

Vinca major — "Periwinkle" — Band Plant — Hardy trailing herb. Leaves about 2% in. 
long, glossy. Flowers blue, about iy 2 in. across, five lobed. Grows easily and 
makes a good ground cover. 

HERBACEOUS AND MISCELLANEOUS 

Agave Americana or Aloe — Leaves used medicinally; yields pulque. Fiber is used in 
cordage making. See Coriander's catalog for Agaves, etc. 

Agapanthus umbellatus — "African Lily," "Blue Lily of the Nile" — Cape of Good Hope 

Showy evergreen, herbaceous plants, tuberous rooted, stemless. Leaves strap 

shaped/ somewhat fleshy. Flowers lily-like, bright blue, borne in large clusters 
in a stalk 2 or 3 ft. long. Thrives better in moist location. There are several 
other varieties of this species, including one with white flowers. Late spring or 
earlv summer. 

Agathoea coelestis — "Blue Marguerite" — South Africa — A sub shrub, spreading — 
Leaves roundish ovate, opposite, rather rough. Flowers sky blue, Marguerite-like, 
numerous, with long stalks. 

Agave Americana — "Century Plant" — South America — Well known. Leaves borne in 
rosettes of thirty or forty, bluish green, 3 to 6 ft. long, 6 to 9 in. broad, somewhat 
concave, point 1 to 2 in. long, dark brown, spines all along the leaves, also brown 
tipped. 'Flowers borne in clusters around a panicle, sometimes 30 ft. high. Plant 
dies after it has flowered. 

Aloe variegata— Cape of Good Hope— Well known variegated form. Leaves close, v^- 
shaped sharp pointed, 4 or 5 in. long, 1 in. broad, dark green, margined white, 
both margin and keel somewhat warty, both sides of leaf mottled with pale 
blothes flowers reddish, borne in short, rather loose clusters. 

Alternanthera amoena — Low compact herb, much used for ribbon borders, etc. Leaves 
lon°- lance shaped or oblong, lance shaped, sometimes elliptic, very short stems, 
the°under side mostly green, but veined and blotched with red and orange. Flower 
heads insignificant. 

Althea rosea — "Hollvhock" — Tall, spire shaped stem. Leaves large and rough with 
prominent veins", rounded, heart shaped, with uneven margin. Flowers large, 
silky texture, malva like in tall leafy spikes. 

Amaryllis Red Hvbr — Bulbous plants with stout flower stalks, which rise and bear 

the flowers before the leaves appear. Leaves resemble other bulb plants but 
more abrupt tip. Flowers 5 to 12 in cluster, tube short, segments oblong or lance- 
olate March 15. 

Anthericum variegatum — (Lily family) — Syn. Chlorophytum elatum — Fleshy white 
root Leaves in basal clusteis, grass- like with light green and yellow stripes. The 
flower stalks act also as stolons bearing roots and leaves at their tips. Flowers 
are white, V* in. long with segments rolled back. 

Antirrhinum majus— "Common Snapdragon"— 1 to 3 ft. high. Leaves oblong or lanee- 
shaned Flowers large and tubular with spreading irregular lobes, in long termi- 
nal spike. The lips are closed quite tightly and about the only insect that can 
enter is the bumble bee. 

(do) 



Aquilegia — California hybr. — "Columbine" — Hardy perennial herbs of Northern Hem- 
isphere, with a number of stems. Leaves 3 parted and lobed, 1 to 3 in a cluster. 
Flowers on tall stalks, 5 long slender spurs. Scarlet and yellow parts. April 1. 

Aquilegia chrysantha — "Columbine" — Hardy perennial herb. Leaves 3 parted, the 
parts divided in 3 parts again. Flowers, many 2 to 3 in. across, parts are pale 
yellow tinted claret, the parts with the spurs are deep yellow. Spurs are diver- 
gent and 2 in. long. April 1. 

Aralia Veitchii — Tender evergreen plants. Leaves digitate, 9 to 11, leaflets very nar- 
row, indulated, shining above and red beneath. Flowers in unbellate clusters, 
greenish white and small. 

Arundo donax — "Vineyard Cane" — Tall, leafy perennial grasses, resembling bamboos, 
5 to 15 ft. or higher. Leaves broad, grass like, gracefully drooping. Also a varie- 
gated form. Roots are used medicinally. 

Begonias — Watery herbs or shrubs, with fibrous, tuberous or semi-tuberous roots. 
Leaves more or less unequal sided and variable in shape and color. Flowers usu- 
ally in clusters, 2 kinds, seed bearing and pollen bearing, mostly pink and white, 
fruit is 3 winged. 

Begonia argentea guttata — Profusely branched. Leaves shining green, ovate, lance 
shaped, toothed margin, slightly lobed, 2y 2 in. wide by 3 to 5 in. long, thickly dot- 
ted with white spots. Flowers in clusters, variable, white tinged with pink. 

Begonia discolor — Java, China and Japan — Branching, smooth surface. Leaves ovate, 
somewhat heart-shaped, lobed, with toothed margins, green above, red beneath. 
Flowers numerous, large, flesh colored. 

Begonia Erfordii — Very dwarf and bushy iy 2 ft. Flowers numerous, rose carmine. 

Begonia fuchsiodes — New Granada — Stems stall. Leaves ovate, 1% in. long, tinged 
with red when young. Flowers drooping and the buds look very much like 
fucshia buds. 

Begonia Gloire de Lorraine — Leaves clear green, round in outline and mostly regular. 
Flowers mostly pollen bearing kind, very few seed producing, full clusters of large 
pink flowers. 

Begonia gracilis — Stem erect, not branched. Leaves somewhat heart-shaped, slightly 
hairy, toothed margins with short hairs. 

Begonia luminosa — Leaves oval shaped, wavy margin with small hairs. Flowers firey 
dark scarlet. 

Begonia Mde de Lesseps — Strong, erect growth. Leaves, large, metallic, green above, 
red beneath and strongly veined. Flowers large, white, in clusters. 

Begonia nitida odorata alba — Jamaica — Stem 3 to 4 ft. high. Leaves obliquely oval, 
wavy, 4 to 6 in. across, glossy, dark green. Flowers rather small, pure white and 
sweet scented. 

Begonia rex — Assam — Ornamental leaved species. Short, fleshy underground stem. 
Leaves large, long stalked, oval, wavy and hairy, colored a rich metallic green with 
zone of silver gray. Pollen producing flowers, larger than the seed producing 
flower. Both rose tinted and 2 in. or less in diameter. 

Begonia robusta — Much branched. Leaves small, 1% to 3 in. long, ovate, lance shaped, 
irregularly toothed, green above, tinged red beneath. Flowers pink in long stem- 
med, graceful clusters. 

Begonia Vernon — Stems 6 in. to 18 in. high, green or reddish. Leaves oval, toothed 
and hairy on margin, glossy green, reddish along midrib. Flowers deep red. 

Bellis perennis — "English Daisy" — Perennial herb, 3 to 6 in. high. Leaves clustered 
at the root. Flowers 1 to 2 in. across, pink, composite flower with many crowded 
rays and yellow center. January 1 to March 15. 

Caladium esculentum — "Elephant's Ear" — (Colocasia antiquorum var, esculenta) — ■ 
Hawaii-Fiji — Root large and starchy, edible. "Taro" from which "Poi" of Hawaii 
is made. Leaves peltate, ovate, very large, the lobes at base a half as long as the 
rest of leaf. 

Calceolaria hybrids — "Slipper Flower" — An erect herb with opposite stems and leaves. 
Leaves are rough and hairy with distinct veins. Flowers 2 lipped, the lower is 
in inflated, the upper smaller, very rich colors. 

Canna hybrida — Orig. Indian Shot — Stout unbranched, large leaved herbs. Leaves ob- 
long and pointed, light green or metallic. Flowers in thick clusters at end of 
stalk, large with many colors and variegations. 

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum— "Ox Eye Daisy"— One of the commonest weeds of 
the eastern states. The Shasta Daisy is an improved form of the above, a peren- 
nial with leaves mostly at base, the flowers white with dark centers, 4 or 5 in. 
across. Late spring and summer. 

Cineraria cruenta— This species includes C. hybrida, C. grandiflora, C. Kewenis, C. 
nana etc. Leaves are large, wavy and downy, with irregular margin. Flowers in 
large' clusters variously colored, tipped and marked. March 15 to April 15. 

Cuphea ignea— (Syn. C. Platycentra)— "Cigar Plant"— Mexico— Interesting tropical 
herb of dwarf habit. Leaves oval, entire, from V 2 in. to 1 in. in length, somewhat 
bronzy Flowers have no petals, but the tiny calyx, about % in. in length, is 
bright scarlet, excepting the tip, which has a dark ring and a white mouth, sug- 
gesting a cigar ash, hence the common name. Flowers almost perpetually. 

Cyclamen persicum — "Persian cyclamen" — The common variety has many forms. 
Leaves appearing with the flowers, various shapes, mostly heart-shaped. Often 
marbled with white along the veins. Flowers on stems, 6 to 7 in. high, large, re- 
flexed petals, purple blotched at mouth, many varieties. 

Cyrtomium falcatum— "Holly Fern"— Japan and India— Simple pinnate fronds, glossy. 
Segments oval, pointed, somewhat sickle shaped, rounded at base, 4 to 6 in. long, 

Cyrimium^Rockfordianum— "Crested Holly Fern"— Larger than C. falcatum and 
deeply and variously cut segments, giving a crested effect. 

(69) 



Dieffenbachia — "Mother-in-law Plant" — Central and South America — Low, shrubby- 
perennials, stems rather thick. Leaf stems half cylindrical, sheathed to above 
middle, cylindrical at top. Leaf blade oblong- with thick midrib at base. Many 
handsome leaf varieties. 

Diqitalis purpurea — "Foxglove" — Species most commonly cult., 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves 
rough surface, and somewhat downy. Flowers many on tall spikes, tubular, 2 in. 
long, hanging downward, purple to white and more or less spotted. 

Echinocactus Wislizeni — "Fish Hook Cactus" — S. W. United States — Well known spe- 
cies of cactus, belongs to the genus popularly known as Hedgehog Cactus (from 
echinos, a hedgehog). Spherical in shape when young, developing into cylindrical 
form in old plants; ridged with about twenty ridges, regular and sharp edged, 
bearing bundles of spines at regular intervals, the central one being longer and 
hooked, and all very strong. Flowers on older plants only. Greenish white. 

Echinopsis oxygona — "Sea-Urchin Cactus" — Brazil — Cactaceous plant, globular in 
shape, divided into about 14 ridges, upon which are tufts of brown spines, y 2 to 
iy 2 in. long. Stem reaches \V 2 ft. in height and 1 ft. in diameter, becoming some- 
what colmnar in shape. Gray green. Flowers 8 in. long, tubular, slightly curved, 
covered with small scales and hairs, bright rose. 

Eupatorium species — Herbs or shrubs, tender or hardy. Leaves ovate or rhomboid, 
lance shaped, to simply lance shaped, toothed edges. Flowers in heads without 
rays, ageratum like in large flat topped clusters, white or purple. 

Euphorbia tirucalli — (Syn. E. rhipsaloides) — East Africa and India — Tree, 20 ft. — 
Curious tree with many slender branches, cylindrical, smooth, rush-like in appear- 
ance, fleshy. Leaves small and inconspicuous. 

Fuchsia Magellanica var gracilis — "Ladies' Ear Drops" — Peru and South to Terre del 
Fuego — Very slender and graceful. Leaves opposite or in threes, ovate, lance 
shaped, toothed edge. Flowers pendant on slender stems. Calyx tube and divi- 
sions red, the petals dark blue. 

Gaillaardi kermesina splendens — Erect, 2 to 3 ft. high, perennial. Leaves rather thick, 
lance shaped or oblong, variable in shape and margin. Flower heads 3 to 4 in. 
across, the flat rays varying red and yellow. March 15. 

Gasteria nigricans — Cape of Good Hope — Closely allied to Aloe. Leaves in rosettes of 
from 12 to 20, tongue shaped, leathery, 4 in. to 8 in. long, swollen beneath, flat 
above, shining, dark or purplish green with numerous small white spots. Flowers 
in clusters, 12 in. to 18 in. long. 

Gasteria verrucosa — (Aloe verrucosa) — Cape of Good Hope — Succulent plant, allied to 
Aloe. Leaves borne in a rosette of from ten to twelve, somewhat wedge shaped, 
outer ones spreading, inner ones erect, 6 to 9 in. long, face concave, back swollen, 
dull gray, very rough with small white tubercles. Flowers rosy in color, tubular 
in shape. 

Gazania ringens — Cape of Good Hope— Compact plant, milky juice. Leaves narrow, 
dark green above, wooly white beneath. Flower heads large, orange rays with 
spots near the base. 

Geranium— (Garden varieties)— Original "Crane's Bill" — See Pelargonium. 

Gladiolus — "Corn Flag," "Sword Lily" — Summer flowering bulbs. Leaves tall, sword 
shaped, prominent veined. Flowers somewhat tubular, funnel shaped, 6 segments, 
more or less unequal, set close to stem, making a long spike. 

Gysophila paniculata — "Baby's Breath" — Open and rather tall, much branched. Leaves 
narrow, 3 in. long to much shorter near the flower clusters. Flowers white, very 
numerous and on long slender stems. Much used for trimming boquets. 

Heliotropium Peruvianum — Common Heliotrope — Shrubby herb — Leaves oval or ob- 
long, lance shaped, very veiny, making a rough leaf. Flowers in close coiled 
clusters, various shades of purple. H. Corymbosum has narrower leaves and more 
open clusters of flowers. 

Hollyhock— Althea rosea, which see. 

Hydrangea hortensis — China and Japan — Shrub, 8 ft. — Most common type in Southern 
California. Leaves large, 6 to 8 in. long. Flowers usually pink, in large compact 
clusters without bracts. Prefers partial shade. 

l ris "Rainbow Flower" — Plants with bulbs or root stem. Leaves sword shaped and 

sheathed together at base. Flowers with 6 segments, the three outer reflexed and 
3 inner usually smaller and erect, various shaped and colored with orchid like 
texture ' April. 

Ismene cal'ath in a— "Peruvian Daffodil"— Long necked bulb. Leaves 6 to 8, strap 
shaped 2 ft or less long. Flower stem flattened with 2 to 5 flowers in close 
cluster' The tube is green, 3 to 4 in. long, the segments as long. The cup has 
green stripes and rounded fringed margin. Fig. June to July. 

Kniohofia aloides— (Syn. Tritoma uvaria)— "Torch Lily," "Red Hot Poker," "Flame 

Flower" S. Africa — Well known plant with tufted grass-like leaves, two or three 

feet in length. Individual flowers tubular, about an inch long, borne in spikes, 6 
or 8 in. and well above the leaves. Upper flowers are bright red, lower ones yel- 
low Quite showy. Spring. 

Leonotis leonurus— Lion's Tail— Tender shrub, 3 to 6 ft. Leaves 2 in. long, rather nar- 
row, coarsely toothed. Flowers deep scarlet, almost plush like, tubular, 2 in. long, 

Lilii^ n Bate°manniae— Bulbous plant— Leaves grass-like, sheathing each other and the 
flower stalk at base. Flowers lily-like, apricot yellow and with narrow segments, 

not" VPflGXCCl 

Linum flavum— Temperate Regions— Erect, rather woody base, 1 to 2 ft Leaves 

lance shaped or linear. Flowers golden yellow in much branched cluster, large 

j aVinwv Summer and Fall. 

i imfm nsitatissim urn— "Flax"— Temperate regions— Annual erect growing plants, 2 

Linum „7t h Jh V ery slender branched. Much cultivated for linseed and fibre and 

i" hppn US ed from time immemorial. Leaves small, narrow and pointed. Flowers 

about V 2 in. across, light blue, and soon withering, large round pod. Summer and 

Fall. (70) 



Melianthus major — Honey Flower — Cape of Good Hope — Shrub 5 to 10 ft. high. Leaves 
bluish, pinnate, unequal, 1 ft. or so long-, the upper not so large. Flowers red 
brown, tubular, 1 in., in long, dense clusters, a foot or more in length. A honey 
plant. April-May. 

Mimosa pudica — "Sensitive Plant" — Erect, branching, hairy and spiney. Leaves sen- 
sitive to touch, quickly closing and drooping, then slowly regaining its normal 
position. Flowers numerous in globular, oblong heads, purplish. 

Mirasolia diversifolia — South Mexico — Large, coarse plants, making large clumps. 
Leaves large halberd shaped. Flowers large yellow, sun-flower like. December. 

Moraea iridiodes — South Africa — Bulbous plants, much like Irises. Stem 1 to 2 ft. 
high with many short lance shaped bracts. Leaves in fan shaped rosettes. Flow- 
ers over 3 in. across, white marked with yellow and blue, flag-like. Lasting only 
a day or so. The new bud apparently forms just beneath the old fruit. 

Nierembergia frutescens — Chile — Shrubby herb, growing from 2 to 3 ft. in height. 
Leaves lance shaped, iy 2 to 2 in. long. Stems much branched, flax-like. Flowers 
bell-shaped, pale blue, shading to white at the edges. Hardy. May. 

Opuntia microdasys — Mexico — Cactus with curious flattened branches, slightly racket 
shaped, almost circular, clothed with small tufts of bright orange bristles, borne 
very close together, so as to almost hide tbe green joints. Grows to about 2 to 
3 ft. in height. Flowers lemon yellow, freely borne, followed by oval shaped fruit, 
also covered with spines as are the leaves. 

Opuntia Tuna — "Prickly Pear" — West Indies, etc. — Well known species of this genus, 
growing sometimes to a height of 20 ft. The branches or joints are oval, flat- 
tened and from 4 in. to 9 in. long, with separate bundles of yellow, needle shaped, 
unequal spines. Flowers 3 in. in diameter, reddish orange, borne on the upper 
edges of the newest joints. Fruit carmine. Long pear shaped. This is the species 
which was used as a hedge to protect the old mission against the Indians. 

Pandanus utilis — "Screw Pine" — Madagascar — Tropical plants, often growing to size 
of trees. Stilt like roots. Leaves sword shaped, erect, 1 to 3 ft. long, red spines 
and spirally arranged on stem. 

Papyrus antiquorum — "Egyptian Paper Reed" — Tall, graceful, aquatic, 4 to 8 ft. high. 
Stem 3 angled, smooth with numerous drooping rays, 10 to 16 in. long. Gives ef- 
fect of tall upright tassels. Not hardy. 

Pelargonium — Geranium of the Gardens — Most cultivated forms can be grouped into 
four general classes: 1. The Zonal, horseshoe, fish or bedding types, generally 
known as "Geraniums." Leaves often with colored zone and flowers in terminal 
clusters on rather heavy stalks. 2. The Ivy-leaved Geraniums, with weak, straggling 
stem. Leaves thick, angled margins and glossy. 3. The show or fancy type, 
known as Lady Washington Geraniums. Leaves are often partly closed. The 
flowers are large and highly colored, with many shades. 4. Various scented 
leaved Geraniums, known mostly as Rose Geraniums. Leaves rough texture and 
deeply cut. The flowers are rather insignificant. The color of Geraniums vary 
through shades of red, pink and some are pure white. 

Penstemon species — "Beard Tongue" — Herbs, the base sometimes woody, perennial. 
Leaves opposite and sometimes almost growing together. Flowers long, tubular, 
often 2 lipped in terminal usually interrupted or leafy clusters. In purple, blue, 
pink, yellow, red. white. 

Pereskia aculeata — "Cactus Vine," "Lemon Vine," "Barbados Gooseberry" — West 
Indies — Popularly known as a vine, this plant is in reality a spreading shrub, 
growing to a height of 6 ft. or more, but of very slow growth. Leaves alternate, 
short stemmed, 3 in. long by 2 in. broad, soft, fleshy shining green, with two short 
spines at the axil of the leaf, also a small tuft of wool. Flowers semi-transparent, 
white, small, and in small clusters. Fruit 1 in. long, red, edible. 

Phormium tenax — "New Zealand Flax," "Flax Lily" — New Zealand — Herbaceous plant, 

3 to 6 ft. high, with tuft of sword like leaves. Leaves 2 to 3 in. wide and about 

4 ft. long, margins and keel brown. Flower stalks taller than leaves. Flowers 
in a spike and varying from scarlet to yellow. 

Philodendron selloum — Brazil to Paraguay — Tropical fleshy plant with heavy stems 
and large pinnate leaves, the segments again pinnate or lobed. The terminal seg- 
ment is three lobed, and the leaf is distinguished by numerous translucent spots. 

Pilea microphyNa — "Artillery Plant," "Pistol Plant" — A small, weak plant. Leaves 
very small and numerous, less than % in. Flower clusters close set to stem. 
When the staminate flowers open the pollen is discharged by a small explosion' 
hence the name Artillery plant. 

Platycerium alcicorne — "Staghorn Fern," "Elkhorn Fern" — Temperate Australia-- 
Barren fronds rounded, convex, wavy margined. Fertile fronds, in clusters ap- 
parently growing out of the barren one, two to 3 ft. long and forked in narrow 
divisions, the under side downy. 

Pteris tremula — "Australian Bracken" — Australia — Fronds 2 to 4 ft. long on shiny 
brown stalks. Upper divisions simply pinnate, lower compound. Sori filling the 
whole back. 

Richardia Africana — "Arum Lily," "Calla," "Lily of the Nile," "Trumpet Lily"— 
Herbs with many long stemmed leaves from thick underground stem. Leaves 
large, pointed at apex and arrow shaped at base, variable in size. Flower spathe 
white with flaring blade, 3 to 10 in. long. Spike yellow. 

Romneya coulterii — "California Bush Poppy" — California — Shrubby plant with large 
' white flowers. Leaves bluish, 3 to 5 in. long, deeply cut. Flowers poppy-like 6 
in. or more across, 6 crepe like petals, yellow center. 

Rudbeckia species — "Cone Flower" — Mostly perennial showy flowers, usually with 
yellow rays and cone shaped disk, hence the common name. 

Rudbeckia lancinata — "Golden Glow" — North America — Perennial, 2-7 ft. high, lower 
stem leaves 3 to i5 parted, upper ones 3 cleft. Flowers large and a full double 
form. 

(71) 



Salvia splendens— "Scarlet Sage"— Brazil— Most popular of all red fid. Salvias. Ten- 
der perennial herb, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves ovate, pointed, toothed. Flowers scar- 
let, tubular, about 2 in. long-, in terminal pyramidal clusters, 6 in. or so long, with 
2 to 6 flowers in whorl. 

Sanseviera Zeylanica — "Ceylon Bow-string Hemp" — A tender foliage plant. Leaves 
basal, erect, 1 to 3 ft. long, 8 to 15 in. cluster, sword-shaped and fleshy, varie- 
gated with transverse markings of greyish white. Rarelv blooms in cultivation. 

Saintpaulia ionantha — "African Violet" — Stemless herb. Leaves short stemmed, ovate 
or oblong heart shaped, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers blue, nodding, unequally lobed 
resembling a violet. One of the choicest of blue winter blooming plants. 

Schizanthus Wisetonensis— "Butterfly Flower"— Chile — Annual herbs. Leaves finely 
cut. Flowers in large open clusters, variously colored and cut, the spreading di- 
visions resembling the wings of a butterfly. April 1. 

Sedum spathulifolium — Lerge, heavy stemmed branching plants. Leaves spatulat- 
shaped in tufts at end of branches, margins minutely toothed. Flowers yellow in 
a many flowered dense pyramidal spike. January 1 to April 1. 

Senecio petacitis — So. America — Robust perennial, branching, 2 to 6 ft. high, downy 
on the young growth. Leaves large, long stalked, roundish in outline, shallow 
lobed, soft down surface, grayish beneath reddish stalks. Flower heads in a large 
open cluster, yellow, starlike and numerous. January 1 to March 1. 

Shasta Daisy — See Chrysanthemum leucanthemum varieties. 

Stapelia grandiflora — "Starfish Flower — Leafless plants with 4 angled stems 4 to 6 
in. long, erect, or somewhat prostrate. Flowers starshaped with buttonlike dish 
in center, several inches across, dark purple, leathery and hairy lying flat on 
ground. 

Stapelia variegata — Similar to S. grandif., with rather smaller stems. Flowers yellow 
with red spots, very leathery, not hairy. 

Streptosolen Jamesonii — Columbia — Shrub 4 ft.— Handsome evergreen shrub, much 
used for bedding purposes, as well as for shrubbery plantings. Leaves small, re- 
sembling Heliotrope in appearance. Flowers orange colored, somewhat Phlox 
shaped. February. 

Swaonsonia galegaefoiia — Australia — Shrub 4 to 5 ft. — Of rather spreading growth. 

Leaves pinnate, finely divided. Flowers resembling sweet peas, but not fragrant, 

borne in long, erect sprays. There are at least four distinct varieties of colors, 

viz. : White, rose, red, violet. March. 

Tristania conferta — "Australian Turpentine tree" — Australia — Evergreen tree 150 
ft., with leaves resembling those of orange but larger, smooth and not 
serrated, dull green above, light green beneath, clustered at the ends of the 
branches. Flowers white, spotted with pink. Star-shaped, fringed. 

Tritoma uvaria — See Kniphofia. 

Verbena hybrida — A prostrate herb, with square hairy stems. Leaves lance-shaped 
in outline and rather deeply cut, prominent nerves and hairy surface. Flowers 
with long tube and 5 wide open lobes in compace spikes. Popular colors are red, 
white, blue, purple, pink. 

Watson i a — Bulbous plants much like the Gladiolus. Leaves sword-shaped, rigid. 
Flowers with long slender tube, bent near the base and all six of the segments 
are regular in shape. 

Wigandia mcaophylla — Mexico — Tender perennial 6 ft. or more, in a season if treated 
as sub-tropical. Leaves large and rough, 3 ft. long, thick white felt on under 
side of leaves. Flowers in 1-sided spikes of two ranks, violet with white tube. 

Yucca filamentosa — "Adam's Xeedle and Thread" — Plant without a stem. Leaves 
sword- shaped, somewhat concave and rather weak but with sharp point, the 
margins with curly fibres. Flowers creamy white in loose, long-stalked clusters, 
six-parted and lily like. 

Zinnia elegans — "Youth and Old Age" — Mexico — This is the species from which most 
of the common forms are derived. There are many varieties both single and dou- 
ble, the latter being most commonly grown. This form is an erect annual, from two 
to three feet in height, leaves elliptic, opposite, stemless, and flowers globular in 
shape, averaging about 3 in. in diam., and of nearly all colors. 

WILD FLOWERS— PREFACE 

The following contains a brief description of some of the principal wild flowers, 
plants, ferns and trees in and about the Exposition. They are arranged alphabetic- 
allv and bv color. Each ot the color groups contains flowers that vary in color or 
have different color markings, but the predominating color should be considered in 
classifving the flowers. Under each heading are listed other colors in which the flow- 
ers may appear. The date of bloom is only approximate; with the aid of irrigation. 
many of the perennials may be kept blooming most of the year. 

WHITE 
(Includes light lavender, li?ght buff, light green, light blue.) 

Adenostoma Fascicultum — Brush — Shrubs, with gray, shreddy bark, reddish, slender 
branches Leaves, dark green, about 3/ s in. long, awl-shaped and m clusters. 
Flowers, very small, white, in terminal feathery clusters. One of the most com- 
mon brush covers of our slopes and mesas. , . . April-May. 

Allium Lily "Wild Onion — Leaves, narrow, basal. Flowers, white in terminal clus- 
ters subtended by 2 or 3 membranous bracts. Odor of onions. Park— April-May. 

Anemop'sis Californica— Bog— "Yerba Mansa"— Leaves, basal, long-stemmed. Flow- 
ers cone-like spikes, subtended by 5 to 8 white, petal-like bracts; the whole giv- 
ing' impression of a single large, star-like flower. Back country wet places, 
spring and summer. «.-..,. * ■* * 

Anthemis^ cotula— "Mavweed"— About 1 foot. Leaves, finely dissected, strong- 
scented. Flower heads, long-stemmed, daisy-like, yellow center, white rays. 
Common weed everywhere. 

(.7Z) 



Argemone platyceras — "Prickly Poppy" — prickly herbs, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves, 
lobed or cut 2y 2 to 4 in. long-, the lower leaves narrowed to a winged stem. Flow- 
ers, white, about 3 inches in diameter. Very similar to the Matilija poppy. 

Arctostaphylos bicolor — A "Manzanita" — Shrub with rigid branches. Bark red- 
dish, flaking off in gray shreds. Leaves, oval or oblong, 2 to 3 in. long, rolled 
margins, slightly toothed. Smooth above.' white downy beneath. Flowers, re- 
sembling Lilies of the Valley, but in clusters. Berry dark brown, Mission Valley 
hillsides and vicinity. 

Artemisia Californica — "Sagebrush" — Shrub 4 to 5 ft. high, with many slender 
branches. Strong, sagey fragrance. Leaves, finely dissected divisions, 1 inch or 
so long. Flower heads, greenish, very small and numerous. Park. 

Astragalus leucopsis — "Loco Weed" — Stems 1 to 3 ft. Leaves, pinnate, pale green, 
many pairs of leaflets. Flowers in spike-like racemes, greenish white, and about 
1 in. long. Bladder-like pods which rattle in the wind. Park — April-June. 

Atriplex semibaccata — "Australian Salt Bush" — Vigorous, much branched peren- 
nial, forming dense mat 4 or 5 feet in diameter. Leaves, about 1 in. long, 
coarsely toothed, gray-green. Fruit, compressed with small horns on edge, pulpy 
with single hard seed. Vacant lots. 

Audibertia polystachya — "White Sage" — Shrubs, 3 to 20 ft., many stems from 
woody base in spring. Leaves, lance-shaped, opposite, several inches long. 
Flowers, 2 lipped, pale lavender, loose clusters a foot or so long. Whole plant 
silvery and rank odored. Famous White Sage Bee plant of California. Park. 

Baccharia glutinosa — A willow-like shrub, stem ribbed. Leaves, narrow and point- 
ed at both ends, coarsely toothed, some glutinous, whence the name glu- 
tinous. Flowers, ageratum-like in terminal clusters. Grows along the banks of 
streams. Park canyons. February- April. 

Baccharis sarathroides — Erect, much-branched shrub, twigs green, angled, numer- 
ous, forming crowded, broom-like clumps. Leaves, few, narrow and some- 
times very small, not over % in. Flower heads, solitary and insignificant, until 
the seeds ripen, when bush seems covered with white, silky down. Park. Fall. 

Calochortus catalinea — "Catalina Mariposa Tulips" — Stems, 1 to 2 ft., loosely branch- 
ing. Leaves, long, narrow. Flowers, about 1% in. long, purple spot near 
base of sepals. Petals tinged with lilac, garnet base, oblong gland covered with 
hairs. Park. April-May. 

Capsella Bursa-Pastoris — "Shepherd's purse" — Stems, 3 to 15 in. high. Leaves, 
narrow. Flowers, very small, white, but seed pods conspicuous, wedge-shaped 
with deep notch at top. Vacant places. Spring. 

Carpenteria Californica — Shrub, 6 to 10 ft. Leaves, 2 to 4 in., bright green 
above, whitish beneath. Flowers, pure white, 2 to 3 in. across, fragrant. The 5 
petals concave, stamens many. Cultivated. 

Ceanothus verrucosus "White Lilac" — Shrub, 3 to 12 ft., warty stems. Leaves, 

wedge-shaped, rounded or notched on top, about y 2 in. or less, sometimes few 
toothed. Flowers, white, in rather loose clusters, delicate, but rather heavier 
than other ceanothus flowers. Park. Early spring. 

Clematis ligusticifolia — "Clematis" — Stems, woody, sometimes climbing 30 feet. 
Leaves, 5 foliate, leaflets iy 2 to 3 in. long, 3 lobed and coarsely toothed. Flow- 
ers, white, 4 sepals, many stammens. Seed with long, silky tails. Climbs over 
brush. Park. Spring. 

Convoiulus Arvensis — "Bindweed" — Prostrate stems, trailing several feet. Leaves, 
arrow-shaped, an inch or so long. Flowers, white, a small "Morning Glory." 
In cultivated fields. 

Datura Meteloides — "Large flowered Datura" — Stems, branching 2 or 3 ft. high. 
Leaves, oval, several inches long. Flowers, white, funnelshaped, border with 
awl-shaped teeth. Grows along road sides. June-July. 

Dentaria Californica — "Pepper root" — Stems, 6 inches to 2 feet high. Root leaves, 
simple and roundish. Stem leaves, 3 to 5 pinnate leaflets, 1 to 3 in. long. Flow- 
ers, white to pale rose, in terminal clusters. Petals four. Mustard family. Park. 

Dodecatheon Clevelandi — "Wild Cyclamen" — Leaves, all basal, paddle-shaped. Flow- 
er stems, leafless, 3 inches to 1 foot, terminating in clusters from 2 to 20. 
The lilac to white petals reflexed, and dark stamens are united into a 
point. Park. Early Spring. 

Echinocystis Macrocarpa — "Chillicothe" — Vines with tndrils 10 to 30 ft. Very 
large, woody, root. Leaves, palmate, 5-7 lobed, 3 to 6 in. across. Flowers, green- 
ish white, *4 to y 2 in. Pistillate flowers, solitary in same axils as the clusters 
of staminate flowers. The pistillate soon developing into green spiney pods, 4 
in. long, with dark seeds inside. Park. February to July. 

Eremocarpus setigerus — "Turkey Mullein" — Stem, much branched and pros- 
trate, forming mats 1 to 2 feet or wore in width. Herbage gray. Leaves thick, 
oval, 1-3 to 1 1-2 in. long, 3 nerved. Flowers, small and insignificant. Grows in 
waste places and fields. 

Eritrichium Anguestifolium — "White Forgetmenot" — Plant basel with bristly 
hairs, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves, narrow, 3 to 4 in. long. Flowers, small, white and 
in dense coiled spikes. Park. January- April. 

Eriogonum fasciculatum — "Wild Buckwheat" — Shrubby and very leafy. Leaves, 
crowded into clusters, % in., narrow and pointed. Flowers, white or pink in dense 
compound clusters. Important honey plant. Park. 

Erodium macropnyllum — "Clocks" — Mostly prostrate, downy. Leaves, kidney- 
shaped, almost round, in outline, wavy margins, sometimes slightly lobed. Flow- 
ers, white, 3 to 4 flowered clusters on stalks 4 to 9 in. long. Beak of fruit stout. 
Park. 

Euphoribia Misera — Shrub, very much branched and scraggy. Milky sap. Gray 
branches often covered with lichens. Leaves, few and small. Flower clusters, 
very small. Point Loma. July. 

(73) 



Euphorbia Polycarpa — "Rairy Mat" — Small, prostrate plant with milky juice. Much 
branched. Lies flat and compact like a mat. Leaves, opposite and very small, 
Vs in. Flower heads, small and numerous, white with dark centers. Seed pod 
on a growing- stalk. Park. January-March. 

Floerkia Douglasii — "Meadow Foam" — Smooth, watery stems. 1 foot or so. 
Leaves, much dissected. Flowers in the axils of the plant and solitary, white 
and buff with U-shaped band of hairs at base. Cultivated. 

Galium Aparine — "Bed straw" — Slender, climbing plants with prickly stems 
and leaf margins. Leaves in whorls of 6 to 8, very narrow and about 1 in. long. 
Flowers minute, greenish white. Noticeable in Spring or north slopes. Park. 

Galium Angustifolium — Similar to G. aparine, but growing from woody base, 
and branching more. Leaves, are in whorls of four, and the plant climbs over 
shrubs often thickly covering them. Park. 

Gnaphilium decurrens Californicum — "California Everlasting" — Stems, stout, 1 to 3 
ft. hgh, glutinous. Leaves, dark green, crowded, smaller above. Flower heads, 
white, papery, on terminal, rounded clusters. Park. 

Gnaphalium microcephaium — "Small headed everlasting flower" — Plant, 2 to 3 ft., 
the several stems branching into an elongated panicle. Herbage covered with 
white, woolly covering. Leaves, very narrow, about 1 inch or so long, and quite 
numerous. Flower heads white and papery. Balsamic odor. Park. 

Heliotropium curvassavicum — "Wild Heliotrope" — Spreading stems, 6 to 12 in. long, 
leavy. Leaves, oblanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long, smiith. Flowers, white or blue, with 
dark or green centers about % in. across. One-sided, coiled spikes in hairs. Park. 

Hemizonia Tenella — "A tar weed" — Slender, 6 to 12 in. high, slightly sticky. Leaves, 
very narrow. Flower heads, white, the few rays often having a purple blotch. 
Park. May. 

Heteromeles arbutifolia — "California Holly" — Large shrubs, 4 to 25 ft. Leaves, ar- 
butus-like, slightly toothed, short-stemmed, 2 to 4 in. long. Flowers, about % in. 
across, white in dense terminal clusters, which are followed by red berries. Ber- 
ries, fall to Christmas. Park. 

Lonicera Interrupta — "Chaparral Honeysuckle" — Branches twining or reclining. 
Leaves, small, opposite. Flowers, less than y 2 in. long, and in terminal spikes. 
Same habit as other honeysuckle. Park. 

Marrumium Vulgare — "Hoarhound" — Whitish, woolly herbs, 1 to 2 ft. Leaves, 
roundish, much wrinkled. Flowers, white, small in dense whorls. Common weed 
of old fields. Tops used medicinally. 

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum — "Dew plant" — Prostrate, watery plants, covered 
with minute glistening globules which enlarge as plant ages. Leaves, flat, oval, 
wavy margins, about 4 to 5 in. long. As the stems lengthen the leaves dwindle 
to very small ones. Flowers, numerous, white, with many stamens, star-like. 
The ripe fruit has a red stain that gives it a decided reddish hue. Park. 

Montia perfoliata — "Indian Lettuce" — Smooth, watery herbs, simple, about 6 
or 7 in. high. Leaves, a united pair near summit, circling the stem completely. 
Flowers, small, white, in clusters, apparently growing out of the saucer-like leaf. 
Damp places. February- April. 

Mullia maritima — 3 to 12 in. high. Leaves, basal and narrow. Flower, stem with 
umbel of many small, greenish-white flowers. Flowers, with 6 segments, % in. 
long. Has pleasant fragrance. Park, subsaline or alkali soils. March. 

Nemophila praviflora — Stems, long, watery and prostrate, often sparse, small 
prickles. Leaves, lobed, irregularly. Flowers, very small, % in., white. Moist 
places, fern-like. Park. February-March 

Oenothera Californica — "White Evening Primrose" — Stems about 1 ft., downy white. 
Leaves, 2 to 4 inches long, remotely toothed or cut. Flowers, white, turning tc 
rose color, 2 in. across. Buds opening late in the day. Cultivated. 

Prunus ilicifolia — "Holly Leaved Cherry" — Shrubs or trees, 8 to 30 ft. Leaves, holly- 
like, about 1 in. long. Flowers, white, small, many stamens. This plant is used 
much at Christmas for wreathes. Park. 

Rhamnus crocea — "Buckthorn" — Much branched shrub, with stiff pointed 
twigs, grayish bark. Leaves, small, shining, with very small, sharp spines or 
margins. Flowers, green and inconspicuous, berries, red. Leaves drop in win- 
ter. Park. 

Rhododendron Occidentale — "California Azalea" — Shrubs, 2 to 12 feet high. 
Leaves, clustered at ends of branches 2 to 4 inches long. Flowers, funnel shaped, 
white, upper lobe blotched with buff, long stamens. Large clusters. Back coun- 
try. June-Jul\. 

Rhus laurina — "Sumach" — Shr-ub, 2 to 10 feet, red twigs and leaf and flower 
stems. Leaves, lance-shaped, 3 or 4 in. long, folded and curves downward. Flow- 
ers, greenish white, very small and in dense terminal clusters. Strong odor. 
Park. June. 

Romneya Coulterii — "Matiiija Poppy" — Numerous stems, several feet high. 
Leaves deeply cleft, bluish, 3 to 5 inches long and bristly. Flowers, large, white, 
solitary, crepe-like texture. Stamens very numerous. Back country and culti- 
vated. June- July. 

Sambucus glauca — "Common Elder" — Shrubbery or tree-like, often 30 feet high, 
with finely fissured bark. Leaves, opposite and pinnate, leaflets 3 to 9. lance- 
shaped, saw-edge, 2 inches or so. Flowers, cream colored, minute in flat- topped 
clusters. Berries, small, dark blue, with white bloom. Park canyons. April. 

Saxifraga Californica — "Saxifraga" — Leaves, few, basal, not appearing at first. 
Flowers, on slender stalk, small in terminal clusters, white with reddish veins. 
Spring up quickly after first rain. Park. 

Simmondsia Californica — "Compact shrub, stiff stemmed. Leaves, in pairs, 
pointed forward about 3 ,4 in. long, leathery. Flowers, in close, crowded pairs and 
insignificant. Park and vicinity. 

(74) 



Yucca Mohavensis — "Spanish Bayonet" — Trunk usually simple, rarely more than 15 
ft., 6 to 8 in. in diameter, naked or covered with green or dead leaves. Leaves, 
linear, 1 to 3 ft., 1 to 2 in. wide, needle-pointed, margins with coarse threads. 
Flowers, white, in short stemmed, distaff-shaped clusters, 1 to 2 ft. Park and 
North Island Sea shore. April -May. 

Yucca Whipplei — "Our Lord's Candle" — Without trunk. Leaves all from base, in 
bristling hemisphere. Flowers in distaff-shaped clusters, 3 feet or more, at sum- 
mit of leafless stem, 10 to 15 ft. high. Individual flowers, white, or purple nerved. 
Back country. 

Zygadenus Fremontii — "Zygadene Star" — Leaves, channeled and narrow. Flow- 
ers, white, segments strongly nerved with yellow glands at base. Tall stems with 
large clusters of starlike flowers. Park. March-April. 

BLUE 

(Includes lilac and lavender.) 

Abronia villosa — "Lilac Sand Verbena" — Like A. martima (purple) but with mat 
flowers. Beach. 

Antirrhinum vagans — "Violet Snapdragon" — Slender herbs with short branches 
that twine. Leaves, narrow, about 1 in. long. Flowers, small, about % in. long, 
lavender or darker, with closed lips like other snapdragons. Park. March-June. 

Audibertia stachyoides — "Black Sage" — Shrubs, 3 to 8 ft., herbaceous, flower- 
ing branches. Strong sage odor. Leaves, opposite, oblong, lance- shaped, wrin- 
kled, dark green. Flowers, in spikes with 3 to 9 interrupted dense headlike 
whorls of lavender hue. 

Brodiaea capitata — "Wild Hyacinth" — Leaves, narrow and about 1 foot long, 
withering early. Flower stem sometimes 2 feet high. Flowers, violet, % in. in 
dense heads. Park. February-May. 

Brodiaea minor — Flower stems slender, 3 to 6 in. high, bearing a loose cluster of 2 to 
5 flowers on pendicels 1 to 2 in. long. Flower, blue, about 1 in. long, with green 
midvein running the length of the segment. Park. Late Spring. 

Ceanothus divaricatus — "Wild Lilac" — Shrub, 5 to 10 ft., with pale green or 
bluish twigs, divergent, many ending in spines. Leaves % to 1 in. long, oval, 3 
nerved. Flowers, minute in narrow, oblong clusters, pale blue. Common in back 
country. Early Spring. 

Caenothus thyrsifiorus — "Wild Lilac" — Shrub, i5 to 8 feet. Leaves, green on 
both surfaces, 1 to 2 in. long, strongly 3-nerved margins slightly toothed. Flow- 
ers, very small and delicate in numerous, close clusters, mostly blue. Fragrant. 
Cultivated. Early Spring. 

Cichorium intybus — "Chicory" — Stems, 2 to 5 ft., much branched, with slen- 
der branchlets. Leaves, narrow and few, the lower partly clasping, the upper 
mere bracts. Flowers, blue, all with rays, notched at tip. Park, waste places. 

Corethrogyne filaginifolia virgata — "Aster family" — Slender, 2 to 3 ft. high, minute 
oil glands. Leaves, narrow, numerous, about y 2 in. or so long. Flowers, with 
yellow center and violet blue or purple rays; numerous, terminal heads, covering 
whole plants. Park. June-October. 

Delphinium simplex — "Larkspur" — Stem, 2 to 3 ft., slightl ypubescent. Leaves, 5 to 
7 lobed, segments narrow. Flower clusters, 3 to 6 in. long, many flowered, spur 
about y 2 in .long, and mostly straight. Flowers blue, 2 upper petals tipped with 
white. 

Sriodictyon tomentosum — Shrubby,3 to 5 ft. Leaves, thick and very woolly, 
3 to 6 in. long, ribbed like the chestnut and closely notched. Flowers, full clus- 
ters of tubular, violet flowers about % in. long. Abundant on seashore mesas. 

Gilia Achilleaefolia — Very similar to G. capitata in habit except that the flower 
clusters are larger and less compact. Back country and cultivated. 

Gilia capitata — Erect, 2 or 3 ft. Leaves, several times palmately dissected in 
narrow lobes or only pinnately divided. Flowers, blue, terminating in a dense 
globular (capitate) cluster, from whence the name capitata. Back country and 
cultivated. May. 

Linaria Canadensis — "Toad Flax" — Stems, slender, 6 inches to 2 feet high. 
Leaves, small and narrow on flowering stems; on the lower shoots leaves are 
broader and often opposite or whorled. Flowers, small, blue, resembling a very 
tiny snapdragon, with a slender nectar spur. Park. February-March. 

Lupinus sparciflorus — Slender, sparingly branched, 1 to 2 feet. Leaflets, 5 
to 7, narrow, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers, violet, upper lip 2-parted Pealike pod, 
% to 2 in. long. Park. March-April. 

Nemophila Insignis — "Baby Blue Eyes" — Tender, more or less hairy herbs. 
Leaves, parted into small oblong divisions. Flowers, an inch or more across, from 
azure blue with white center and more or less dotted to deep blue. Cultivated. 
March-April. 

Phacelia grandiflora — Coarse, glutinous plants, 1 to 3 reet high. Leaves, 
roundish, irregularly toothed, 3 to 4 in. long. Flowers, lavender, variously veined 
with purple; about 2 in. across with large anthers. The plant is very glutinous 
and badly stains hands or clothes. Pueblo lands. May. 

Phacelia Parryi — A foot or so high, rather hairy. Leaves, alternate, oval, 
coarsely toothed, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers, deep purple with yellow stamens, re- 
sembling in shape the Baby Blue Eyes. Back country and cultivated. February- 
March. 

Phacelia ramosissima — "AVild Heliotrope" — Branching straggly herbs, rough 
and hairy. Leaves, pinnately 5 to 7 divided, somewhat fern-like in appearance. 
Flowers, bright violet-blue, in coiled spikes, stamens quite prominent. Park. 
February- April. 

Phacelia Whitlavia — "Wild Canterbury Bell" — A foot or two high, very hairy and 
glandular. Leaves, oval and toothed, 1 in. to iy 2 in. long. Flowers, purple, an 
inch or so long, bell-shaped with long stamens. Cultivated. March-April. 

(75, 



Salvia carduacea — "Thistle Sage" — Stems stout, 1 to 2 ft. Leaves, all at base 
and thistle-like, with cobwebby wool. Flower whorls inch or so through with about 
6 spiney, woolly bracts beneath. Flowers, 2-fringed lips, sky-blue, red anthers. 
Cultivated. March-April. 

Salvia Columbariae — "Chia" or "Sage" — Six inches to 2 feet high. Leaves 
wrinkled and pinnate, with cut lobes. Flowers, in a spike of interrupted heads; 
2-lipped and blue, but with wine-colored bracts. Cultivated. March-April. 

Sicyrinchium bellum — "Blue Eyed Grass" — Stems, flat and clustered. Leaves, basal 
and grass-like. Flowers, 4 to 7, coming from 2 nearly equal sheaths. Purplish 
blue with yellow center, y 2 in. to 1 in. across. Belongs to Iris family. Park. 
February-May. 

Solarium Xanta — "Violet Nightshade" — Shrub herbs, several feet. Leaves, 2 in. or 
less, often undulated margin. Flowers, about % in. across in clusters, violet, with 
green spots at base and yellow anthers. Park. Spring and Summer. 

Vicia Americana Linearis — Smooth, weak, 2 to 5 ft., climbing by branched 
tendrils. Leaves, pinnate, leaflets 8 to 12, very narrow, 1 to 1% in. long. Flow- 
ers, purplish or bluish, about 3 /± in. long, pea-shaped clusters of 4 to 8. Climbs 
over shrubs. Park. April-May. 

Vicia exigua — "California Vetch"- — Slender, 1 to 2 ft., high. Leaves, pinnate, 
leaflets 4 to 6, oblong to narrow. Flowers, pealike, 1 to 2^ in. long, white or pur- 
plish, pod smooth. Park. April-May. 

PURPLE 

(Includes magenta, and white parts.) 

Abronia maritima — "Sand Verbena" — Stout, glutinous plant with prostrate stems. 
Leaves, opposite and very thick, about 1 inch or less long. Flowers 5 to 15, clus- 
tered into deep purple head, verbena-like. Grows on beach, back of thick sand. 

Calandrina caulescens — "Wild Portulaca" — Prostrate, branching herbs, smooth. Leaves, 
narrow, 1 to 4 in. long, watery- Flowers, loose clusters, magenta nearly an inch 
across, or sometimes very small. Orchards and open fields and hills. March-April. 

Collinsia bicolor — Stems a foot or so high. Leaves, lower oblong, upper lance- 
shaped, opposite. Flower, 2-lipped, the upper lilac or white, the lower three- 
lobed and rose purple. Clustered evenly at intervals and resembling a minia- 
ture Chinese pagoda. Park and cultivated. March-May. 

Fritillaria biflora — "Chocolate Lily" — Stem, stout, 2 to 3, rarely 1 flowered. 
Leaves, 2 to 6, mostly near base, 2 to 4 in. Flower, bell-shaped, greenish or most- 
ly dark purple, nearly 1 in., each segment with a greenish band running length- 
wise. Mission Valley hillsides. April-May. 

Lupinus marsutissimus — Lupine — Rather stout, 8 to 12 in., covered with small sting- 
ing hairs. Leaflets, 5 to 7, broadly wedge-shaped, 1 in. to iy 2 in. long and much 
shorter than their stem. Flowers, reddish purple, pea-shaped, upper lip deeply 
cleft. Back country March-July. 

Miralibia Californica — "California Four O'clock" — Somewhat prostrate and much 
branched, a foot or so long. Stems, purplish, swollen joints. Leaves, opposite, 
triangular to oval, about 1 in. long, somewhat rough. Flowers, magenta with pro- 
truding yellow stamens, in many few- flowered clusters. Park. Spring and Early 
Summer. 

Opuntia prolifera — "Cholla Cactus" — Three to 10 feet high, elongated, cylin- 
drical joints, covered with oblong tubercles which bear slender straw-colored 
spines. Flowers, purplish red, densely clustered at ends of the branches. The 
skeletons of old branches are hollow tubes of woody basket-work. Park. 

Orthocarpus purpurescens — "Owls Clover" — Six to 12 inches migh. Leaves, part- 
ed into narrow divisions. Flowers and bracts, in a tufted spike resembling a 
sash tool paint brush. The effect is of purplish hue. Often called "Pink Paint 
Brush." 

Penstemon heterophyllus — Green plants seldom bluish, many stems, slender 
from woody base, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves, lance-shaped or narrower. Flowers, in 
rather loose clusters, trumpet-shaped, purple, shaded to pink. Back country. 
June-July. 

Penstemon spectabilis — Bluish and smooth throughout, 2 to 4 ft. high. Leaves, 
oval or oval-lance shaped, the upper ones clasping the stem. Flower clusters, 1 
to 2 ft. long, pyramidal, dense. Flowers, tubular, rose purple. Back country. 

Trifolium tridentatum — "A Clover" — Six inches to 2 feet high, smooth. Leaf- 
lets, very narrow and sharply saw-edged, foliage variable. Flowers, pea- shaped, 
about y 2 in. long, bright purple with dark centers. Park. April-May. 

YELLOW 

(Includes orange, white, light buff.) 

Amsinkia spectabilis — "Yellow Forgetmenot" — AVhole plant set with biistly 
hairs. Leaves, mostly narrow. Flowers, light orange, with deeper orange spots 
on throat, in coiled spikes, 3 to 7 in. long. Resembles the Forgetmenot. Park. 
March-April. 

Brassica campestris — "Common Mustard" — Smooth herb. Lower leaves, pinnately 
divided with large terminal lobe. Upper leaves, oblong or lance-shaped with 
broad clasping base. Flowers, yellow, 4-clawed petals, forming cross. Vacant 
ots. Early Spring. 

Brassica nigra — "Black Mustard" — Stems % to 12 ft. Branches very slender. Lower 
leaves lyre-shaped with large terminal lobes, upper ones lobed or entire, both 
kinds stalked. Flowers, yellow and like common mustard in form but borne in 
large clusters. This is the species mentioned in "Ramona." Mission Valley. 
Early Spring. 

(76) 



Calachortus Weedii — Basal leaf single. Flower stalk branches above. Flow- 
ers, mostly yellow, covered within with long-, silky hairs, which arise from dark 
dots on the petals, 1 to 3 flowered. Slopes Mission Valley. June-July. 

Chaenactis glabruscula — Six to 18 in. high, leafy up to inflorescence. Herbage woolly 
at first, shedding later. The yellow composite heads have large flowers on the 
margin, giving effect of rays. Park. April-May. 

Chorizanthe procumbens — Stems, more prostrate than C. fimbriata of the pink sec- 
tion, and the plant is yellow. Otherwise it much resembles the Turkish Rugging, 
often growing near it. Park Mesas. May- August. 

Cotula coronopifolia — "Brass Buttons" — Stews, 6 inches to 1 foot. Leaves, clasping 
stem, divided or entire. Flower heads, yellow, button-shaped and solitary. Grows 
in wet places. Spring. 

Cuscuta subinclusa — "Dodder" — Leafless plants with slender orange colored stems, 
soon leaving ground and becoming parasitic upon the plant on which it is climb- 
ing. Often on Rhus laurina. Flowers small white and clustered. Park. Spring 
and Summer. 

Dendromecon ripidum — "Tree Poppy" — Shrubs, 2 to 8 feet. Poppy family. 
Leaves, resemble those of willow in shape, 1 to 3 in. long, leathery. Flowers, 
bright yellow, 1 to 3 in. across, 4 petals, many stamens. Cultivated. March, and 
most of the year. 

Dicentra chrysantha — "Golden Dicentra" — Bluish plants with stiff, coarse, leafy 
stems, 2 to 5 ft. high. Leaves, divided into narrow lobes. Flowers, yellow, shaped 
much like the "Bleeding Heart," but not pendulous. Back country. May-July. 

Dudleya lanceolata — "Echeveria" — Fleshy plants with tuft of basal leaves. 
Leaves, narrow, 2 to 4 in. long. Flower stalks, 12 to 15 in. high, with smaller, 
broader leaves. Flowers, clustered at summit, reddish yellow, and partly closed, 
appearing like buds. "Hen and Chicken" family. Park. March- June. 

Echinocatus viridescens — "Turban Cactus" — Depressed, hemispherical, fleshy, 
leafless plants, 12 to 21 prominent ribs bearing groups of spines. Usually less 
than 12 inches in diameter. Spines, straight or recurved, stout reddish, trans- 
versely ribbed or ringed. Flowers, yellowish green, about 1% in., borne about the 
depressed center. Park. 

Encelia Californica — "Encelia" — Shrub, 2 to 4 ft., brittle stems. Leaves, oval, 
acute pointed, 1 to 2 in. long. Flower heads, 2 to 2% in. across, dark centers and 
bright yellow rays, 4 toothed at ends. January-May. 

Eriophyllum confertiflorum — "Golden Yarrow" — Plants with white wool, at length 
smooth, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves, parted into 3 to 7 narrow divisions. Flower 
heads, golden yellow in dense flat-topped clusters. Park. May-June. 

Erysimum asperum — "Western Wall Flower" — Herbage rough, 1% to 2 1 /* ft. high. 
Leaves, narrow, 3 to 6 in. long. Flowers, orange, about 1 in. across. Pods, four- 
sided, 3 to 4 in. long and very narrow. Back country. 

Eschscoltzia Californica — "California Poppy" — "Copa de Oro" — The Spanish name, 
Copa de Oro, means Cup of Gold — 12 to 18 in. high, branching. Leaves, finely dis- 
sected, bluish. Flowers, 2 or 3 in. across, usually orange, but ranging to light 
buff. Many stamens, bud with mitre-like can. Park and everywhere. Spring. 

Fremontia Californica — "California Slipoery Elm" — Shrubs or trees from 2 
to 20 ft. Leaves, rounded, 3 to 5-lobed, whitish beneath, 1 to 2 in. wide. Flow- 
ers, short-stemmed, on very short, lateral branches, numerous 1 to 3 inches 
across, brilliant gold, 5 cleft nearly to base. Discovered by Gen. Fremont when 
crossing the Sierras. Back country. 

Hazardia squarrosa — Plants of shrubby brittle stems, about 18 to 30 in. high. Leaves, 
clustered thickly, clothing stems, sharply toothed. Flowers, in numerous yellow 
heads with yellow pistils protruding. Park. March-Apri. September-October. 

Helianthemum Aidersonni — Stems slender, rush-like, somewhat woody below, 
1 to 2 ft. high, rounded bush. Leaves, few, narrow. Flowers, on slender pedicels 
at ends of branches, about 1 in. across, yellow. Back country. Spring. 

Hemizonia fasciculata — A tarweed — Eight to 24 in. high. Basal leaves, with narrow, 
parted segments, the stem leaves narrow and not divided. Flower heads, yellow, 
in small, dense clusters. Park. May-June. 

Hemizonia virgata — Stem. 12 in. or more high, branching at middle into several. 
Leaves, crowded, needle-like, very short and blunt, with old gland at end. Flow- 
er hdads, numerous on short, lateral branchlets, yellow, with 4 or 5 rays, strong 
scented. Park. 

Hosackia alaba — "Wild Broom" — Woody base, several feet high. Stems, manv, slen- 
der and branching. Leaves, small, mostly in threes, about % in. long. Flowers, 
yellow in many clusters along stem, pea-ike, about V 2 in. ong. 

Hosackia gracilis — Somewhat prostrate, branching. Leaves, silky, pinnate. 
Flowers, in clusters, pea-shaped, yellow and rose color. Damp places. Park. 
Spring. 

Isomneris arborea — "Bladder Pod" — Shrubby, bad color. Leaves, compound, with 
three leaflets. Flowers, yellow, % in. long, in clusters, parts in fours, stamens 
usually 6 to 8, infated pendulous pods. 

Layia platyglossa — "Tidy tips"— Stems, about 1 foot high, loosely branching. 
Lower leaves, narrow and deeply cut, the upper entire. Flower heads, solitary 
and terminal, yellow rays tipped with white. Park. February-March. 

Leptasynt maritima — "Sea Dehlia"— Scraggy plant. Leaves, sometimes 6 in. 
long, two to three times divided into sparse, narrow divisions, somewhat watery. 
Flower heads, yellow, solitary, on naked stems, 6 in. to 2 ft. long, 3 or 4 in. across. 
Rays narrow, 3-toothed, grows near the sea and in cultivation. Spring. 

Lilium Humboldtii — "Tiger Lily"— Bulb, large, with long scales. Stems stout, 
purplish, 3 to 4 ft. high, 8 to 10 flowered. Leaves, wavy margined. Flowers, 
large, 6 to 8 inches in diameter, segments strongly curled back, golden yellow, 
spotted with pale purple changing to red or brown. Back country and culti- 
vated. July. 

(77) 



Linaria vulgaria — "Butter and Egg's'" — Very similar to L. canadensis in the 
blue section, except for yellow and orange flowers, and is stronger in appearance. 
Grows in waste places June. 

Meliotus Indica — "Yellow Meliot" — Main stem erect, with many rather spread- 
ing branches from above the base. Plant looks something like alfalfa. Leaves, 
trifoliate, leaflets narrow and finely toothed. Flowers, small, yellow, pea-like, in 
loose spikes. Park — damp places. Spring. 

Mentzelia laevicaulis — "Blazing Star" — Stem, stout, branched 2 to 3 ft. high, 
often light colored. Leaves, lance-shaped, 2 to 6 inches long, deeply toothed. 
Flowers, light yellow, 2V 2 to 3 in. broad. Stamens numerous and about the length 
of the petals. Cultivated. May- September. 

Mimulus brevipes — Stem 1 to 2 feet, gummy. Leaves, hand-shaped, 1 to 4 in 
long. Flowers, tubular, large, yellow, with 2 ribs running down throat. Monkey 
flower family. Park. Spring. 

Nicotiana glauca — "Tree tobacco" — Loosely branching shrubs or tree like, 15 
feet or so high. Leaves, bluish, 2 to 6 in. long, rather narrow, the young growth 
much broader. Flowers, in loose compound clusters, yellow tubular, 2 in. long. 

Oenothera bistorta — Several inches to a foot or so high, spreading. Leaves, 3 
to 4 in. long, the edge irregularly toothed. Flowers, yellow, petals about V 2 in. 
long, with brown spot at base. Seed case at length long and twisted, whence 
the name bistorta. Park. Spring. 

Oenothera Cheiranthifolia suffruticosa — Stems, prostrate, plant of silvery hue. Leaves, 
small, oval, stemless. Flowers, yellow and larger than O. bistorta. Sand Beaches. 
Most of year. 

Oputia Engelmanni — "Prickly Pear" — About 3 ft. high, flattened stems with 
successive compressed oval joints. Joints 6 to 12 in. long, studded sparsely, wi^i 
bundles of stout spines. Flowers, solitary, yellow or red about 3 in. across. 
Fruit, purple, pulpy, 2 in. long. Park. 

Pentachaeta aurea — Small, slender plants. Leaves, very narrow and sparse. Flower 
heads, mostly solitary at end of branches, 50 to 70 close set, yellow rays and yel- 
low centers. Park. Grows in masses. 

Platystemon Californicus — "Cream Cups" — Delicate, hairy herbs, 6 in. to 1 ft. 
high. Leaves mostl3 r opposite, stemless, 2 to 4 in. long. Flowers, on long 
stems, an inch or so across, cream colored with often a yellow spot at base. Buds 
have a poppy-like appearance. Park. March-April. 

Vola pedunculata — "Yellow Pansy" — Leafy prostrate stem, 2 to 6 in. Leaves, 
with long stems, oval, toothed margins. Flowers, long-stemmed, deep golden 
yellow, tinged brown on outside upper petals. Odor of peaches. Park. Febru- 
ary-March. 

PINK 

(Includes white.) 

Abronia ubellata — Like A. maritima in purple section, but with pink flowers. Beach. 

Chorizanthe fimbriata — "Turkish Rugging" — Stem, erect or spreading, 4 to 
10 in. high. Whole plant red and covers ground like a rug. Leaves, most 
basel, soon disappearing. Flowers, pink, clustered in the forks oi clustered on 
terminal branchlets and the calyx lobes are fringed on each side. — Park. May- 
August. 

Clarkia Elegans — Stems 1 to 5 ft., rather stout, somewhat bluish. Leaves, 
oval to narrow, toothed. Flowers, about 2 in. across. Pink petals, with long, 
slender claws and rhomboidal blades. Seed capsules long and narrow. Culti- 
vated. 

Erodium cicutarium — "Clocks" — Leaves, 6 to 10 in. long, dissected into nar- 
row toothed lobes. Flowers, small, pink in terminal clusters of about 4 to 8. The 
pistil grows long, dries and splits into five twisted bearded tails. Park. Spring. 

Erythraea venusta — "Canchalaugua" — Six in. to 2 ft. high, freely branched. 
Leaves % to 1 in. long, opposite and pale green. Flowers, 1 in., pink with yellow 
or white center, numerous over the whole plant. Anthers are twisted after shed- 
ding pollen. Park. May-June. 

Gilia Dianthoides — "Fringed Gilea" — Stems, 1 to 6 in. high. Leaves, very nar- 
row and about V 2 in. long. Flowers, pink with white base, dark dot on each petal. 
Outer edges are fringed. Grow in dense patches. Park. Early Spring. 

Godetia gradiflora — Stems, 1 to 2 ft., stout. Leaves, many oblong and point- 
ed, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers, in short spike or dense cluster of short sub-terminal 
branchlets, rose red with deeper blotch in certer, 2 or 3 in. across. Cultivated. 

Lavatera assurgentiflora — "Tree Mallow" — Shrubs, 6 to 15 ft. Leaves, 3 to 6 
in. across, palmately >5-lobed. Flowers, pink, veined with maroon, 2 in. or so 
across, organs similar to Hibiscus. Vacant lots. April-May. 

Malvastrum Thurberi — "False Mallow'- — Shrubby at base, 3 to 15 ft. high. 
Downy foliage. Leaves, thick, 1 in. or so across, wavy margined. Flowers, pink, 
an inch or so across, clustered in leaf avils or in a leafless spike. Stems and pis- 
tils united in a column. Park. Spring and Summer. 

Perezia mircrocephala — Somewhat stout, 3 ft. or more high, leafy, herbage rather 
rough. Leaves, thin, 4 to 8 in. long, 1 to 3 in. wide, broad, clasping base, finely 
saw-toothed. Heads of flowers, numerous, 10 to 15 flowers, rose colored. Mission 
cliffs. July-August. 

Rhus integrifoMa — "Lemonade berry" — Shrubs, becoming small trees, heavy 
twigs. Leaves, oval, about 2 in. long, rigid and leathery- Flowers, in dense ter- 
minal clusters, rose colored and very small. Park. Spring. 

Sidalcea Malveaflora — "Wild Hollyhock" — Several stems, 8 in. to 2 ft. Leaves, 
round in outline, but often cut in segbents to base. Flowers, pink in long ter- 
minal cluster. Stamens in a column around pistil-like other flowers of Malva 
family. 

(78) 



Symphoricarpus racemosus — "Snowberry" — Shrubby, 2 to 3 ft., stems sometimes 
trailing-. Leaves, opposite, round to oblong-, 1 in. to iy 2 in. long. Flowers, small, 
mostly in terminal clusters, and pink. Berries in fall, waxen white, % to y 2 in. in 
diameter. Back country. 

RED 

(Includes vermillion, with yellow and orange.) 

Angallis arvensis — "Pimpernel" — Prostrate, spreading stems, 4-angled. Leaves 
oval, usually opposite. Flowers, solitary, on axillary stems, orange vermillion, 
y 2 in. across, petals rounded and purple at base. Common everywhere. Spring 
and Summer. 

Aquilegia truncata — "Columbine" — Stems, 1 to 3 ft., slender. Leaves, sparce, usually 
compounded into 3 leaflets, which are lobed. Flowers, terminal, scarlet tinged 
with yellow, 5 petals, tubular and extended into spurs. Back country. 

Audibetia grandiflora — "Humming Birds' Sage" — Coarse plants with woody 
stems, 1 to 3 ft. Leaves, opposite, wrinkly, white woolly beneath, lower ones on 
margined stems, upper ones stemless. Flowers, crimson, in clusters over a foot 
long, with many large, widely separate whorles. Back country. April-May. 

Castilleia Marini — "Indian Paintbrush" — Stems, rather slender, branching from 
near somewhat woody base, prostrate at base, sticky. Lower leaves, nar- 
row, the upper broader, divided. Flowers, with conspicuous colored bracts, 
tubular, % to 1 in. long, tinged red or yellow. All in close, rounded spikes, giving 
effect of a sash tool paint brusr. Back country. Cultivation. 

Delphinium cardinale — "Cardinal Larkspur" — Stems, 3 to 10 ft., greatly branched. 
Leaves, large, 5 to 7-lobed nearly to base, the lobes cleft. Flowers, 5-spurred, 
the spur an inch or so long. Upper petals yellow tipped with red. In wide. 
spreading clusters. Seed pods three. Back country and cultivated. June-July. 

Diplacus glutinosus — "Monkey Flower" — Glutinous shrubs, 2 to 6 ft. Leaves, nar- 
row and margins rolled backward. Flowers, corn color to cardinal, \y 2 
to 3 in. long, funnel shaped with i5 lobes. The lips of stigma close on being 
touched, or after receiving pollen. Park. Spring and Summer. 

Lathyrus silendens — "Wild Pea" — Vines, with angular stems, climbing by ten- 
drils. Leaves pinnate. Flowers, large and showy and red. This plant resem- 
bles vetch, but is larger and has broader leaves and flowers. Back country and 
cultivation. 

Meconopsis heterophyila — "Wind Poppy" — Stems, smooth,, slender. Leaves, 
pinnately divided into variously toothed segments. Flowers, solitary, orange, 
vermillion to scarlet, on long stems, 4 petals 1 in. or less long. Park and culti- 
vated. March-April. 

Penstemon centranthifolius — "Scarlet Bugler" — Plants smooth and bluish. Stems, 1 
to 3 ft. Leaves, folded, an dthe upper somewhat clasping; 3 to 4 in long. Flow- 
ers, scarlet, tubular, in a many-flowered, narrow compound cluster, 1 to 2 ft. 
long. Back country and cultivated. April-June. 

Ribes syeciosum — "Fushsia flowered Gooseberry" — Shrub, 6 to 10 ft., with 
prickly stems and triple thorns under the clustered leaves. Flower stems, with 1 
or 2 drooping, bright cardinal flowers and long stamers. Berry covered with 
prickles. Flowers, fuchsia like. Cultivated. Spring. 

Scrophularia Californico — "California Bee Plant" — Stems, 2 to 5 ft. high, angled. 
Leaves, 2 or more inches long, toothed edge. Flowers, small, dull red, 
X A to y 2 in. long, 2 -lipped, two of the stamens protrude like two little teeth. Park. 
Spring. 

Siiene lacinata — "Indian Pink" — Several stems, leafy, sticky. Leaves, nar- 
row. Flowers, brilliant scarlet, about 1 in. across, calyx ribbed, petals, five on 
long claws, the blades cleft, with 2 small appendages at base. Long stamens. 
Zauschneria microphylla — "California Fuchsia" — Much branched stems, woody 
at base, rather slender, 1 to 3 ft. Leaves, mostly alternate, narrow, lance-shaped, 
about 1 in. long, other small leaves, crowded in the axile. Flowers, red in loose 
spikes, tubular, shaped much like our garden Fuchsia. Park. July- October. 



INDEX TO ISTHMUS 

Name 
Alhambra Cafeteria. . .West Side 

Bean Put Bast Side 

Base Ball Game East Side 

Chinatown East Side 

Cawston Ostrich East Side 

Captive Balloon West Side 

Cider Mill West Side 

Carrousel West Side 

California Missions East Side 

Climbing the Yelps East Side 

Cane Pavilion East Side 

Circling Wave West Side 

Dancing Girls East Side 

Dairy Building East Side 

Doll Pavilion West Side 

Exposition Motor Chairs 

West Side 

French Fruit East Side 

German Rotisseria East Side 

Gem Mine East Side 

Hawaiian Village West Side 

Imperial Art Gallery. .West Side 
Imperial Concessions. .East Side 
Ice Cream East Side 



Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 



Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 
Isthmus 



(79) 



Joy Wheel East Side Isthmus 

Japanese Streets of Joy 

East Side Isthmus 

Kelly Game West Side Isthmus 

Motordrome East Side Isthmus 

Neptune's Wonderland 

West Side Isthmus 

News Stand and Kelp Goods 

West Side Isthmus 

Orange Juice East Side Isthmus 

Panama Canal Extravanganza 

West Side Isthmus 

Painted Desert West Side Isthmus 

Peanut Pavilion West Side Isthmus 

Palais de Danse West Side Isthmus 

Panama Film Co East Side Isthmus 

Post Card Building. . .East Side Isthmus 

Printing Plant East Side Isthmus 

Racing Coaster West Side Isthmus 

Skee Ball East Side Isthmus 

Spanish Restaurant. . .East Side Isthmus 
Smith and Cowden Candy 

West Side Isthmus 

Shooting Gallery West Side Isthmus 

Temple of Mirth West Side Isthmus 

War of Worlds East Side Isthmus 

White House Cafe East Side Isthmus 



L I ,?*? RY 0F CONGRESS 



INDEX 
Name Page 

Architecture IT 

Admissions 34 

Across the Lawn by the Model Cali- 
fornia Bungalow 29 

A Tour of the Magic City of the Ex- 
position Beautiful 4 

Ahnon E. Smith 45 

Adams-Henrv Co 45 

A. I. Root Co 45 

Alpine Evaporating Cream Co 45 

A. B. Stove Co 49 

Akerman & Tuffley 44 

American Adding Machine Co 47 

Automobile Parking 14 

Alameda and Santa Clara Counties 

Building IS 

Barrett & Barrett 45 

Burnham Unit System House Co 49 

Bauer Pottery Co 44 

Bishop & Co 45 

B. Bartincoff 51 

Building of International Harvester 

Co. of America 29 

Beardsley Electric Co 45 

Brunswick- Blake Collender Co 47 

California Building 20 

Channell Chemical Co 49 

California Cactus Candy Co 44 

Checking Locker 49 

Checking Stand 44 

Corona Typewriter Co 45 

Commerce and Industries Building.... 13 
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co 47 

C. A. Sweet Co 47 

Checking Stand 44 

Certificate of Attendance 51 

Commerce and Industries Building — 

Floor Plan 46 

California State Building, Photograph 3 
Cawston Ostrich Farm, Photograph... 26 

Colonial Dames Beautifier Co 45 

C. F. Blanke Tea and Coffee Co 45 

Chicago Kenosha Hosiery Co 47 

C. M. Gifford & Son 45 

Directors, Panama- California Exposi- 
tion 2 

Evinrude Motor Co 44 

E. Hawes, Oriental Exhibit 51 

Exposition Flora 55 

Exposition Motor Chair Company 53 

Foreign and Domestic Arts Building. . 28 

Fine Arts Building 25 

Foreign Arts Building — Floor Plan... 50 
Foreign and Domestic Arts Building.. 5 

Geo. W. Parker 51 

Geo. D. Parker 44 

Globe Mills 45 

Genesee Pure Food Co 45 

Hadden Automobile Sprinkler Co 52 

Home Economy Building — Floor Plan 48 

How to See the Grounds 4 

Home Economy Building 27 

Hayward Bros. & Wakefield 47 

Hai dware Specialty Co 49 

Home Economy Building 27 

Hot Point Electrical Co 49 

Idah C. Pratt Co 49 

In the Japanese Gardens — Japan and 

Formosa Building 29 

Indian Arts Building 27 

International Harvester Company 12 

Japan Visits the Occident 15 

Japanese Bazaar, Watanabe & Shebate 51 
Kern and Tulare Counties Building... IS 
Kansas State Building, Photograph... 24 

Lyman Mills Onyx Co 44 

Lunkenheimer Co 44 

Luitweiler Pumping Engine Co 44 

Mills Novelty Co 47 

Moreland Motor Truck Co 47 

Montana Building 16 

Margaret Clayes 51 

Morgan Art Studio 51 

National Cash Register Cj>mP-any~^-»-4-7- 
Neptune's Wonderland. ., S3 




019 930 654 6 

National A lews uu ww g3< * O 



Newmark Br 

N. K. Fisher 

National Pu 

N 

N 

Nevada State Building, Photograph... 

Organ and Music Pavilion, Balboa Park 

Other Suggested Routes 

Oregon City Manufacturing Co 

Olsen & Meacham 

Panama Canal in Miniature 

Phone Booth 

Phone Booth 

Puente Rancho Packing Co 

Placentia Preserving Co 

Postoffice 

Pioneer Paper Co 

Pioneer Society 

Phone Booth 

Post Office — Commerce and Industries 
Building 

Restaurants 

Radium Lighting Co 

Robbins & Myers Co 

Refrigeration Plants Manufacturing 
Co 

R. B. Bailey Co 

Registration 

Special Information 

San Diego Exposition — Ground Plan 40- 

Stenography 

San Diego Silk Mills 

Sunset Magazine 

Spreckels Theatre Ad 

Stollwerck Bros 

Stenography 

Scholl Manufacturing Co 

Simon Levi Co 

Stenography 

San Diego Gas & Electric Appliance 
Co 

Sperry Flour Co 

Sutherland Fruit Co 

Savage Tire Co 

Stenography 

State and County Buildings 

Sacramento Valley Building 

Southern Coftnties Building 

Southern Electrical Co 

San Joaquin Valley Building 

Science and Education Building 

The Palm Jungle 

The West Side of the Plaza de Panama 

Looking East Along the Prado 

Towle Maple Products Co 

Talbert-Whitmore Co 

The Spanish Style of Architecture... 

The Pepper Grove 

Puente Cabrillo — Administration Build- 
ing; Fine Arts Building 

The Tea Plantation 

The Great Southwest Agriculture 

The Lesson to the City Man 

The Model Intensive Farm 

20th Century Press 

Transportation Service 

The Gem Mine, Photograph 

Tractor Building, Photograph 

The Painted Desert, Photograph 

Utah State Building, Photograph 

U. S. Forestry Exhibit 

Varied Industries Building, Photo- 
graphs 

Varied Industries Building 

Vanoscope Co 

Varied Industries Building — Floor Plan 

Watanabe & Shebate, Chinese Exhibit 

W. L. Cleveland Co 

W. E. Alexander 

Walter Baker Co 

W. K. Kellogg Co 

Weir Stove Co 

Wilkinson Co 

What the Isthmus Contains 

Washington Building, Photograph 

- Wells-Fargo Express Co 

White Star Line 



